语法归纳。
一、动词时态。
语法拓展：表达将来的几种方法：
1.现在进行时：用于位移动词（go, come, start, le**e, arrive, return, move等）表示按计划或安排要进行的动作，常有一个表示未来时间的状语。
they are le**ing for shanghai next week.
we are visiting friends tonight.
2.一般现在时：用于某些瞬间动词（arrive, begin, come, go, le**e, return, start, get等）表示按时刻表（不可更改的）要发生的事。
my train le**es at ten o’clock.
what time does the film begin?
about to do sth：表示即将或正要去做……，一般不与时间状语连用（但可和when引导从句连用）
i am about to go to the cinema.
考题：1. the art exhibitionopen) on 3 may andfinish) on 15 may.
2. wego) to a concert tonight. we’ve already got the tickets.
3. be careful. the train __
a. will come b. comes c. has come d. is coming
现在完成时应注意的：
1. h**e been to表示“曾经去过”某地，说话人此时不在那里。
h**e gone to表示“已经去了”某地，说话人此时正在那里或者在去的路上。
eg: he has been to beijing. 他曾经去过北京（人已经回来了，现在不在北京）
he has gone to beijing. 他去北京了。（人在北京或去北京的路上）
2. 短暂性动词的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用，常用的瞬间动词可以转换：
buy → h**e, borrow → keep, le**e/go → be away, begin → be on, finish → be over, become → be, marry → be married, die → be dead等。
eg: he has bought/got the book for 3 days. (
he has had the book for 3 days. (
一般过去时、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别：
时间参照点不同，一般过去时和现在完成时是对现在时刻而言的，过去完成时是对过去某一时刻而言的。
1. 一般过去时只是单纯叙述过去的事情，不强调对“现在”的影响，常与具体的时间状语（yesterday, once, last week, ago, in 1980等）连用，如：
2. 现在完成时从现在的角度看发生在过去的事，强调过去发生的动作与现在的联系或对现在的影响，常与模糊的时间状语(so far, ever, never, just, up to now, in past等)连用或无时间状语，如：
3. 过去完成时强调事情发生在“过去的过去”，时间状语常用by/before引导的短语表示。
比较1：i saw this film yesterday. 我昨天看过这部电影了。（单纯叙述看的动作发生过了）
i h**e seen this film. 我看过这部电影了。（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
比较2：she had been ill for a week before she came back. 她在回来前就生病了一个礼拜了。
她回来发生在过去，以这个时间为参照点，生病发生在回来之前，也就是过去的过去）
she has been ill for a week. 她生病一个礼拜了。（现在仍在生病）
考题：1. nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _in the clothing industry.
(05 辽宁)
a. is working b. works c. work d. worked
2. professor smith, along with his assistants, _on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (2005 上海)
a. work b. working c. is working d. are working
3. —are you still busy?
—yes, i __my work, and it won’t take long. (2005 浙江)
a. just finish b. am just finishing c. h**e just finished d. am just going to finish
4. —did you tell julia about the result?
—oh, no, i forgot. i __her now.
a. will be calling b. will call c. call d. am to call
5le**e at the end of this month.
—i don’t think you should do that until __another job. (2006北京)
a. i’m going to; you’d found b. i’m going to; you’ve found c.
i’ll; you’ll find d. i’ll; you’d find
6. ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. the plane2006 福建)
a. takes off b. is taking off c. has taken off d. took off
7. this machineit hasn’t worked for years. (2006浙江)
a. didn’t work b. wasn’t working c. doesn’t work d. isn’t working
8. since i won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. people __to ask how i am going to spend the money.
(2005 湖南)
a. phone b. will phone c. were phone d. are phoning
9. listen to the two girls by the window. what language __
a. did they speak b. were they speaking c. are they speaking d. h**e they been speaking
10. —smoking is bad for you.
——i know. iit up soon.
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