2023年中考英语语法主要句式知识复习

发布 2021-04-29 01:09:28 阅读 1150

主要句式。

? (一) 知识概要。

初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。?陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种:

① 主语+不及物动词。如:i arrived at six last night.

② 主语+及物动词+宾语,如:i bought a good english?chinese dictionary yesterday.

③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,如:please tell me a story before i go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.

④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,如:i found it impossible to do it. please keep the classroom clean and tidy.

⑤ 主语+系动词+表语,如:tom is an american boy. the grass turned green in spring.

在初中常见的句型中有there be…句型,表示存在某种事物,如:there is a map on the wall?其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。

要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要保持be动词,不要换用h**e,如:there is going to be a meeting tomorrow.?在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题,即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。

要注意的有如下几点:

① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数,但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式,如:a singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。

而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。

②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数,如: the news is good (news 为不可数名词)。

③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如: this pair of glasses is good? my glasses are broken.

④有些形单却意为复数的名词,如: people are coming here? 这样的词还有 police, 如果要讲一个警察时,应讲 a policeman。

两个警察为 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen?

⑤ 所有不定代词 each, either, neither, one, the other, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, someone, something … 要作为单数如: someone is waiting for you??在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有:

and not only … but also, neither … nor, either … or? 如: my sist er and my parents are going to the cinema。

表示转折关系的并列连词有: but 和 yet, 如: she is a good student, but she didn’t pass the final exam.

又如: i think the news is strange, yet it is true? 表示选择关系的连词有:

or, either … or,如: hurry up, or you will be late for school? 表示因果关系的并列连词有:

for, so 如: they studied very hard, so they all passed the exam??

在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种,而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述,为了使同学阅读文章方便,我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。

① 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如: i knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如: i knew that he was a good man?

这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用,不在句中充当语法成分,既不是主语也不是宾语,所以在口语中常常被省略。如: i am sure (that) she has passed the exam?

②if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不起语法作用,当作是否讲。从句中有 or not 结构时,要用 whether, 如: i ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch?

i asks him whether he has had his lunch or not?

③ what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外,还要作主语或宾语成份,如: i don’t understand what you said? (what 作 said 的宾语)。

又如: i asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。

④ who,它也和what一样,在句中除作连接词外,可以充当句中的成份,如:i know who she is looking for?

⑤ whose 如: i want to know whose book this is?

⑥ which 如: do you know which book is mine??

在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词,① how 它的应用最广,如: how much, how many, how long, how soon, how ol d …。如:

how much does it cost?

② when 它只是连接时间状语,如: please tell me when the meeting will begin?

③ where 它连接地点状语,如: where are you from?

④ why 它要连接的是原因状语从句,如: the teacher asked why tom didn’t come to school.

在考试中常见到的考点是:?宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。

① 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态, 如: i know he didn’t come. 我知道他没来。

i know he will come tomorrow? 我知道他明天来。i know he has gone to london?

我知道他已去伦敦了。

② 主句中的谓语动词若是过去时,宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如: 一般过去时,过去进行时。

中考英语中考英语知识。

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