1、 过去完成时。
用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的那个动作要用过去完成时。
结构：had+过去分词。
after she had finished her homework, she went shopping.
they had sold the car before i asked the price.
the train had left before i arrived at the station.
after/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。
1.变疑问句将助动词移到句首。
had she finished her homework?
2. 变否定句在助动词后面加not
she hadn’t finished her homework.
3. 肯定回答及否定回答。
yes, she had. no, she hadn’t.
4.特殊疑问句：
what had she done?
2、 现在完成时。
构成：主语+助动词h**e, has+过去分词。
用法：2) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用。
i h**e just had lunch. (饱了，不用再吃了)
he has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)
they h**e already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)
the boy has already read the book. (已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了)
3) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：
h**e you finished your homework?
h**e you been to beijing?
h**e he seen the film?
4) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作。
i h**e lived in beijing for twenty years.
i h**e worked for this school for 1 year.
5) 表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情。
i h**e never had a bath.
i h**e never seen a film.
i h**e never been to cinema.
i h**e ever been to paris.
h**e been to表示去过，h**e gone to 表示去了。
i h**e been to london.(人已经回来)
he has gone to london.(人还在那里)
6) 表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用。
i h**e lost my pen.
i h**e hurt myself.
he has become a teacher.
she has broken my heart.
句型变化：★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.
h**e you lost your pen? i h**e not lost my pen.
★肯定回答及否定回答。
yes, i h**e. no, i h**e not.
★特殊疑问句：
what h**e you done?
what has he done?
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：
凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。
注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用。
错：i’ve left beijing for 3 days.
对：i left beijing 3 days ago. i h**e been away from being for 3 days.
3、过去式。
表示过去发生的动作或事件， 常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有be动词的句子， 将动词变为过去式，am, is的过去式为was，are的过去式为were
i was at the butcher’s.
you were a student a year ago.
the teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.
★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首。
were you at the butcher’s?
were you a student a year ago?
was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not
i was not at the butcher’s.
you were not a student a year ago.
the teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.
★肯定回答否定回答。
yes, i was. no, i was not.
yes, you were. no, you were not.
yes, he/she was. no, he/she was not.
★特殊疑问句：
what did you do?
(必背)不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式。
i finished my homework yesterday.
the boy went to a restaurant.
the sawyers lived at king street a year ago.
★变疑问句在句首加did， 动词变为原型。
did you finish your homework yesterday?
did the boy go to a restaurant?
did the sawyers live at king street a year ago?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not
i did not finish my homework yesterday.
the boy did not go to a restaurant.
the sawyers did not live at king street a year ago.
★肯定回答及否定回答。
yes, i did. no, i didn’t.
yes, he did. no, he didn’t.
yes, they did. no, they did not.
4、 现在进行时。
表示现在正在进行的动作。
构成： 主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分。
we are h**ing lunch.
he is reading a book.
the dog is running after a cat.
the boys are swimming across the river.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首。
are we h**ing lunch?
is he reading a book?
is the dog running after a cat?
are the boys swimming across the river?
★变否定句在be动词后面加 not
we are not h**ing lunch.
he is not reading a book.
the dog is not running after a cat.
the boys are swimming across the river.
★特殊疑问句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.
疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词。
what are you doing?
what is she doing?
what is the dog doing?
没有进行时的动词(必背)
表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作。
1. 表示感觉，感官的词。
see, hear, like, love, want,2. h**e, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时。
5、一般将来时。
表示将来将要发生的动作， 经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours' time, etc. 表示将来的词联用。
结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形。
i will go to america tomorrow.
the pilot will fly to japan the month after the next.
jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首。
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