第八章虚拟语气。
虚拟：假的，不真实的。
语气：英语中的语气指的是动词的表现形式，if zhang ziyimarriedme,iwould giveher all that i h**e.
一．虚拟条件句：1．主从句谓语动词的形式。
if从句。主句。
与现在事实相反。
动词用过去式would, should
be→were
could, might +动词原。
形。与过去事实相反。
过去完成时。
would, should
had +过去分词）could,might +h**e+过去。
分词。与将来事实相反。
动词过去时(be→would, shouldwere)
could, might +动词原were to +动词原形形。
should +动词原形。
a：与现在事实相反。
if iwereyou, iwould choose jolin.
if iknewher number, iwould callher at once.
b:与过去事实相反。
if youhad toldme earlier, iwould not h**e ihad wonthe lottery, iwould h**e cometo zhang ziyi.
c:与将来事实相反。
marriedsomeone
ifsheweretomarrysomesone tomorrow, iwouldjumpintotheriverwithher photos.
shouldmarry someone
2.错综时间的虚拟条件句：有时主从句动作发生的时间不一致，此时需要根据以上表。
格进调整。if youhad listenedto the doctor, youwould beall right now. (从句过去，主句现在)
if my grandmotherwerealive, shewould be100 years old next year. (从句。
现在，主句将来)
3.两种变形。
a:在虚拟条件句中若有were，had,should时可以省略if而把这些词提至主语之前。
句首），主句不变。
if iwereyou, i would choose jolin.
werei you, i would choose jolin.
if youhadtold me earlier, i would not h**e married him.→hadyou told me earlier, i would not h**e married him.
if ihadwon the lottery, i would h**e come to zhang ziyi.
hadi won the lottery, i would h**e come to zhang ziyi.
if sheshouldmarry someone tomorrow, i would jump into the riverwith her photos
shouldshemarrysomeonetomorrow, iwouldjumpintotheriverwith
her photos
b:介词短语或其他形式代替虚拟条件句：but for---要不是---幸亏---without---如果没有---
if i had not had beriberi, we would not h**e broken up!→withoutberiberi, we would not h**e broken up!
if it were not for your help, we could not be together again.→but foryour help, we could not be together again.
if i had been given more time, i could h**e got her heart.
given more time, i could h**e passed the exam.
二．wish后的虚拟语气。
结构：主语+ wish + that从句。
a：与现在事实相反：动词用过去式，be动词一律用were(how) i wish iknewher telephone number.
(how) i wish my motherwerehere now!
b:与过去事实相反：had +过去分词或could + h**e +过去分词i wish ihad beenhere yesterday.
i wish icould h**e goneto your birthday party 表示将来不太可能实现的愿望：would/could/might +动词原形i wish youwouldn’t beso nervous next wished shemight doit better next time.
三特殊词后的虚拟语气。
当在主句**现动词advise,suggest,request,require,demand,desire,propose,order, insist, command, recommend等动词或它们的名词advice, suggestion,request, requirement, demand, desire, proposal, order, recommendation时从句中要用虚拟语气。
从句谓语动词的形式：（should）+动词原形。
she insisted that the seats(should) bebooked in suggested that we(should) holda meeting tonight.
he issued the order that the troops(should) withdrawat is suggested that the boy(should) be sentto the hospital at desire is that all the members of the family(should)gather once ayear.
注意：①当suggest不作“建议”解，而是“暗示，表明”的时候其后的宾语从句要。
用陈述语气。
the look on your facesuggeststhat youarevery these factssuggestthat heisnot guilty.
当insist不作“坚持要求”解，而是“坚持认为”时其后的宾语从句也要用。
陈述语气。to a better hospital without delay.
四．特殊句子中的虚拟语气。
1. it isimportant/necessary/essentialthat --做---是很重要的/很有必要的)
从句中的谓语动词形式：（should）+动词原形。
it is important that we(should) prepareour lesson before the exam.
2. or/otherwise（否则）引导的并列句中的虚拟语气：
并列连词之前的分句1要求用真实语气，其后分句2要求用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的。
形式要。与虚拟条件句的主句谓语动词保持一致。
ididn’tknowthathewasaliar,or/otherwiseiwouldn’ is very busy now, or/ otherwise hewould helpus.
is (high, about) time that --早该做---的时间到了，实际上已经有些。
晚了)that从句中的谓语动词的形式：动词用过去式，be动词一律用wereit is time that wewentto is high time that wewereoff.
4. would rather后的虚拟语气。
1）后接动词原形，指现在或将来，表示一种愿望或选择。i would ratherdoit today.
he’d rather notgodancing tonight.
2)后接不带to的不定式的完成式，表示过去某种错误或不当的选择。i’d rather noth**e toldhim the would ratherh**e marriedthat poor man.
3)后接从句要求用虚拟语气，表示现在或将来不太可能实现的愿望时从句谓语动词用。
一般。过去时，be动词只能用were；表示过去不可能实现的愿望时从句谓语动词用过去完成。
时。i would rather shepaintedthe wall green next time.
i would rather youhadn’t toldhim the fact.
5. as if/ as though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句要求用虚拟语气。1)与现在事实相反从句谓语动词动词要求用过去式，be动词只能用 looks as though sheweresick.
2)于过去事实相反从句谓语动词要求用过去完成时。she talks as if shehad beento egypt.
注意：as if/ as though之后的从句中的情况如果可能发生也可以用陈述语气。it looks as if itis goingto rain.
专升本英语语法
第一章时态。英语中谓语动词的时态 tense 是一种动词的形式，不同的时态用以表示在不同的时间完成的动作或保持的状态。英语动词共有十六种时态，这里将重点讲解其中较常用的十种时态。现以动词do为例，将英语十六种时态列表如下 一 一般现在时 the present indefinite tense 1....
专升本英语语法
语法。1.主语 sb.or sth.2.谓语 说明主语的动作，状态，特征 v.or v.词组 3.宾语 动词行为的对象，及物v后，有n.pron.数词。动不定式。4.表语 系动词be后，说明主语身份，特征，属性及状态 n.pron adj adv 不定式 prep词组 5.补语 说明主语和宾语的特征...
专升本大学英语语法篇 高频英语语法
表语 定义用在系词之后，表明主语的年龄 身份 状态 特征等的句子成分。特征 找准系词，后面的就是表语啦 系词分三类 1 各种be is am are was were 2 感官动词 feel look sound taste smell 3 表示变化和不变的词 get turn go become ...