第一讲虚拟语气课堂讲义。
1.虚拟语气存在于if条件句中和一些固定结构中。
2.虚拟语气总是与动词过去的某种时态形影不离。
一般过去时did
过去完成时had donehad been done
过去进行时was/were doing
过去将来时would/should do
过去将来完成时would /should h**e done
过去将来进行时would/should be doing---would/should do
3.虚拟语气是通过谓语动词的变化来实现的。
if only ihad beento paris last year
第一节if条件句中的虚拟语气。
一、表示对将来过去现在的虚拟。
if heinvitesme tomorrow,iwill goto his party.
强调行为在将来发生的可能性大---真实条件句）
if heinvitedmetomorrow,iwould goto his party
强调行为在将来发生的可能性小---虚拟条件句）
虚拟条件句。
1，表示对将来的虚拟：
heinvitedme tomorrow,iwould goto his party.
万一。heshould inviteme tomorrow,iwould goto his party.
万一。hewere to inviteme tomorrow,i would goto his party.
wereheto inviteme tomorrow,i would goto his party.
was不会出现在虚拟语气的正确选项中。
强调行为在将来发生的可能性小）
真实：he will probably not invite me tomorrow, so i will not go to his party.
小结：was、may不会出现在虚拟语气中。
should出现在主句中，主语一定是i或we，而would\could\might不受人称的限制。
★2.表示对过去的虚拟：
if hehad invitedme yesterday, iwould h**e beento his party.
表示与过去发生事实相反）
真实：he did not invite me yesterday，so i did not go to his party.
if ihad followedyour advice last year,iwould h**e beena college student.
if i had notfollowedyour advice last would h**e missed the train.
对比：hadn’tifollowedyour proposal,错误。
hadinot followedyour proposal,正确。
i would h**e failed the final exam.
3表示对现在的虚拟：
if heinvitedme now,iwould goto his party.
表示与现在发生事实的相反）
真实：he does not invite me，so i do not go to his party
二，含蓄条件句。（but for，without）
1but foryour help，iwould h**e failedin the exam.
2withoutwater now,therewould not beliving things.
★三混合虚拟语气。
1过去+现在。
if youfollowedmy advice
youwould bea college studentnow.
if youhad followedmy advice last year.
youwould h**e beena college student.
if youhad followedmy advice last year,you___a college student.
ab would be
if i were you，从句现在。
i would h**e come back.
主句过去。2）__must h**e done，or/or else/otherwise,_
hestayedin hospital last week,oriwould h**e methim at the meeting.
变体：hewasbusy preparing the final exam ,orhewould h**e givenyou much help.
=he must h**e been busy preparing the final exam, or he would h**e given you much help.
if he had not prepared the final exam，he would h**e given you much help.
3）would h**e done + but后面是对过去发生的事实的描述。
iwould h**e visitedyou last night,but ihadan unexpected visitor.
if ihad not hadan unexpected visitor,iwould h**e visitedyou last night.
四if条件句中的倒装结构(主句不倒装，从句要倒装)
1.表示对将来的虚拟的倒装。
shouldheinviteme tomorrow,iwouldgo to his party.
wereheto inviteme tomorrow,iwouldgo to his party.
2表示对过去的虚拟的倒装。
hadheinvited me yesterday,i would h**e been to his party.
3表示对现在的虚拟的倒装。
if heinvitedme now,i would go to his party.
wereifree now,i would go to his party.
第二节固定结构中的虚拟语气(固定结构中的虚拟语气表达的都是说话人的一种良好愿望)
一。it is (about/high)time that +从句did
it is about time we had class.
it is time we prepared the zsb entrance exam.
二wish+(不可实现的)
i wish hewereten years old.
we wish hestayedwith us forever.
american wish obamacouldsolve thefinancial crisis.(金融危机)
i wish ihad beento parislast week.
i wish ihad not lostmy bike.
he wishes hewouldgo to collegenext year.
三。if only译为：要是…就好了 if only可与wish互换。
一般过去时。
if only+ 过去完成时。
should/would+原形。
if only hewereten years old.
if only hestayedwith us forever.
if only obamacouldsolve thefinancial crisis.(金融危机)
if only ihad beenparislast week.
if only ihad not lostmy bike.
if only hewouldgo to collegenext year.
注：if only
if only hehad invitedme yesterday,iwould h**e beento his party.
四would rather ,would sooner,would as soon,had done过去did现在did将来。
i would ratherstayhome for the time being thanwork outside.
i would rather youstayedhome for the time being.
般过去时（对现在虚拟）
过去完成时（对过去的虚拟）
would(should,could)+动词原形（对将来的虚拟）
五。as if/as though仿佛，好像even if/even though即使。
she orders mearoundas if iwereher husband.
when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if itwerebroken.
hetreatedmeas ifiwere his own son.
他对待我像是亲儿子。
some metals look at first sight as though theyweregold.
he looked as if he were an artist.
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