一、专题讲解。
一）关系副词。
1.关系副词的用法。
当关系词在句中作状语时，应用关系副词，表时间用when表地点用 where 表原因用why
关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which
where=in/ at/ on which（介词同先行词搭配）
when=during/ on/ in… which
i’ll never forget the day when we met for the first time.
this is the place where i was born.
this is the reason why he came late.
2. where
by the time when you arrived in london, we had stayed there for two weeks. 当你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
i still remember the place where i met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方。
each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出差都带着生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等其他东西。
当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用“there is”开头。
there is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
3. why
关系副词why主要用于修饰表原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。如：
we don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。
she didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。
与关系副词when和where不同，why可以换成that或省略。如：
that’s one of the reasons (why, that) i asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一。
4. when
关系副词when主要用于修饰表时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。如：
there comes a time when you h**e to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。
gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。
we’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点。
注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词，就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作时间状语，就用when；如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用when，而要用that, which等。如：
don’t forget the time (that, which) i’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语，正因为是用作宾语，所以也可以省略。
5. where
关系副词where主要用于修饰表地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如：
this is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。
that’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。
barbary was working in aubury, where she went daily in a bus.巴巴拉在奥伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。
与前面when的情况一样，注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词，就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语，就用where；如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。如：
he works in a factory that [which] makes tv sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。
二）非限定性定语从句。
意义：非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如。
1）the house, which i bought has a lovely garden. 我买的房子带着个漂亮的花园。
2）this novel, which i h**e read three times, is very touching. 这本我已经读过三遍的**很感人。
1.非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词， 对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
1）he seems not to h**e grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。
2）liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
2. 在非限定定语从句中，有时as也可用作关系代词，若as在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。例如：
1）the boy has as much progress as we had expected. 正像我们所预料的那样，这个男孩取得了大的进步。
2） as everyone knows ,china is a beautiful country with a long history . 每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。
3. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用从句做主语。
1）[错]the boys ，who are playing football ，are from class one. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。
2）[错]i helped an old man ，who lost his way ，yesterday. 昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的老人。
练习。一) 判断先行词， 再填入适当的关系词。
1. the building stands near the train station is a supermarket.
2. this was the time he arrived.
3. nobody knows the reason he is often late for school.
4. this is the room in he lives.
5. tom came back, made us happy.
6. this is the most interesting story book i h**e ever read.
1. which 2. when 3. why 4. which 5. which 6. that
二) 语法填空。
1. this is the mountain villagei visited last year.
2. i’ll never forget the daysi worked together with you.
3. i forget the timehe will come.
4. the reasonhe can’t come is that he is ill.
5. this is the factoryi visited last year.
6. this is the factory __i worked last year.
7. this is the reason __can explain his absence.
1. which 2. when 3. when 4. why 5. which
强化练习。1. i h**e bought such a watch __was advertised on tv.
a. that b. which c. as d. it
2. i can never forget the day __we worked together and the day __we spent together.
a. when; which b. which; when c. what; that d. on which; when
3. the way __he looks at problems is wrong.
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