打印 四级作文写作要点 一

发布 2021-03-12 16:50:28 阅读 2921

英文议**的写作要点。

英语写作要求文章结构必须十分严谨,文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰,开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。

简而言之,英语议**共有三大特点:

1.观点鲜明的开头2.紧扣主题的结尾3有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。

不遵照这种结构的直接的后果就是中心分散、观点不明确,加上中国学生普遍英文表达能力不强,这些因素就为整篇文章的失败埋下了隐患。

另外,英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首,而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后,在英文应试写作中更加如此。正因为没有“主题句”的思想,所以中国学生在写英语文章时经常“想到什么,就写什么”,这在英语议**中是不能接受的。每一段的首句都简要地概括出了该段的主要内容,换句话说,每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的,其顺序不能颠倒。

大学英语作文通常由三个段落组成。开始段,中间段,结尾段。

我们大致可将四级作文分成五种类型:双刃剑型、问题-解决型、提纲式、应用文、图表型。

1.开始段的写法。

由于字数有限,一篇文章基本上头、尾段短,中间段长。文章的开头虽短,但举足轻重,是文章成败的关键。开始段(opening paragraph)的目的在于提示主题,即引出文章要讨论的核心问题,从而起到统领全文的作用。

因此,开始段要达到两个目的:一是抓住读者的兴趣及注意力;二是陈述文章主题、介绍相关背景并引导正文内容。

中间理由段的写法。

2.要写好中间的理由段我们只需要找准主题句,再注意用衔接词来启承转合地表述即可。第二段是文章的核心段落,要稍长些。

3. 结尾段的写法。

结尾段(concluding paragraph)同开篇一样重要。结尾段对全文要点进行概括总结、表达作者的目的,以求留给读者一个深刻完整的印象,增强文章的效果。

双刃剑型作文即“是非型”,就是针对某一种社会现象,我们要谈出一些人的正面观点以及另一部分人的负面观点,最后不免还要写一些自己的看法和打算。另外,对于这类文章,我们直接按照提纲的指示,将这个“正面”、“负面”“自己”的观点分列三个自然段,详加阐述就可以了。

一)文章中的过渡方法。

一致性和连贯性是作文的两个基本原则。而过渡词是保持文章的一致性和连贯性的重要手段,使全文连贯畅达,融会贯通。

常用过渡词。

1、表并列关系的过渡词。

and, also, as well as, or, too, not only … but also, both … and, either … or, neither … nor

2、表递进关系的过渡词。

besides, in addition(加之,除……之外),moreover(此外,而且),what’s more(更重要的是),what’s worse(更糟糕的是) also,and,andthen,too,furthermore,,again,ontopofthat

3、表转折对比的过渡词。

but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary(相反), although, despite, in spite of, whereas(而), unlike, nevertheless(然而), not only … but also, here … there, years ago … today. this … that, the former … the latter, then … now, the first … whereas, the second. once … now, on the one hand … one the other hand, some … others

4、表原因的过渡词。

because, because of, since(既然), as(由于), for, now that, thanks to(由于), due to(由于)

5、表结果的过渡词。

so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby(从而), hence(因此), so … that. such … that, otherwise(否则)

6、表条件的过渡词。

if, unless, on condition(条件是), as/so long as(只要)

7、表时间的过渡词。

when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards(事后), soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, from now on, at present, immediately,at the moment, earlier, gradually,等。

8、表特定的顺序关系的过渡词。

first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all. first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)(后来), meanwhile(几乎同时), thereafter(在那以后), last, finally, eventually(终于)

9、表换一种方式表达的过渡词。

in other words, that is to say, to put it another way

10、表进行举例说明的过渡词。

for instance, for example, like, such as, infact,inthiscase, foractually

11、表陈述事实的过渡词。

in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth

12、表强调的过渡词。

certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, necessarily, torepeat, aboveall, mostimportantly

13、表比较的过渡词。

justlike, just as, unlike, in the same way, similarly, similar to

14、表目的的过渡词。

for this reason(为此), for this purpose(为此), so that, in order to, so as to(以便)

15、表总结的过渡词。

in a word(总之,简言之), in general, in short(总之),in brief, above all, after all, generally speaking, in general, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary

16表示对照的过渡词but,still,yet,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,inspiteof,eventhough, while, meanwhile

17表示空间顺序的过词渡near(to),far(from),infrontof,behind,beside,beyond,above,below,totheright/left,around,outside等。

18、用于“启”的过渡词语(常用在段落或文章的开头)

first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to start with, recently, now, at present, lately, currently,it is often said that … as the proverb says …

it goes without saying that … many people often ask …

19、用于“承”的过渡词语(通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中)

second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt, it is true that … everybody knows that …it can be easily proved that …no one can deny that …the reason why … is that …there is no doubt that …

to take … for an example (instance) …we know that…

what is more serious is that …

20、用于“转”的过渡词语(通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中)

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