初探高考英语语法填空答题技巧

发布 2021-02-21 10:58:28 阅读 7700

【摘要】全国普通高考英语试卷新增语法填空题,它既考查考生对语篇的整体把握与理解,也考查考生分析句子结构,熟练运用语法知识的能力,命题中通常会有纯空格题和有提示词题两种题型。本文分析了答题技巧,希望帮助广大考生更好地完成语法填空题。

【关键词】高考英语语法填空题答题技巧

【中图分类号】g633.41 【文献标识码】a 【文章编号】2095-3089(2016)05-0109-02

语法填空是通过语篇或对话在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力,因此我们在解题前应快速浏览短文或对话,掌握大意,对有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。

一、语法填空考查的内容与特点:

1.语法填空主要考查哪方面的内容?

①语法和词汇(考试重点)②上下文连贯性(语境)

2.语法填空命题特点是什么?

二、下面按题型设计分三种情况

1.纯空格试题的解题技巧

纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。

首先,分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后,根据句子意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下几个技巧:

技巧1:在简单句和并列句中,若句子缺主语或宾语,一般是填代词。

例1:there is a book on the desk, and __1__ is mine.

技巧2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等),很可能是填限定词。

例2:it is said that a short?鄄tempered man in the song dynasty was very anxious to help __2__ rice crop grow up quickly.

技巧3:名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一定是填介词。

例3:…who should h**e the honour of receiving me __3__ a guest in their house.

技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。

例4:…two world?鄄famous artists, pablo picasso__4__cabdido poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

技巧5:若两个句子(即两个主谓结构)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词(连接并列的句子)或从属连词(连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句)。

例5:the greatest magician of all time was harry houdini __5__ died in 1926.

例6:he was very tired after doing thus for a whole day, _6__ he felt very happy.

技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

(1)由it is … that… 强调结构的形式,判断it 还是that。判断方法:去掉it is…that…结构,句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。

(2)由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格是否填it。

例7:…and __7__ was only after i heard she became sick that i learned she couldn’t eat msg (味精).

例8:… as __8__ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words?鄄famous artists.

例9:dating sites also makes __9__ easy to **oid someone whom you are not interested in.

(3)在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not until…等词。

例10:__10__ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.

(4)so/such …that…句型

例11:this made the goat so jealous __11__ it began plotting against the donkey.

(5)more …than…(与其说……不如说……,比……更……)句型。

例12:cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares __12__ how much he pays.

2.给出了动词的试题解题技巧

首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。

技巧7:若句子没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。

例13:when i die, i __13__ give) everything to you. 例14:

that was definitely not an attractive idea so i politely declined her invitation, _14__(close) my book and walked away.

例15:in loganm three people __15__(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.

例16:being too anxious to help an event develop often __16__(result) the contrary to our intention.(2023年广东高考语法填空)

例17:now, valentine’s day is __17__(celebrate) in many countries around the world.

技巧8: 若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v?鄄ing形式,?鄄ed形式,还是不定式,确定的方法主要有:

(1)作主语或宾语,通常用v?鄄ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况。

例18:…but it is not enough only __18__(memorize) rules from a grammar book.

例19:__19__(speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…

(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。

例20:__20__(complete) the project as planned, we’ll h**e to work two more hours a day.

(3)作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v-ing);若是被动关系,用过去分词(-ed)。

例21:he saw the stone, _21__(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.”

例22:the headmaster went into the lab, _22__(follow) by the foreign guests.

技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要作主语、宾语和定语。

例23:there are __23__(comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain.

例24:they entered the credit lyonnais branch using building __24__ equip) to dig holes.

例25:these people h**e made great __25__(contribute) to china with their work.

3.词类转换题的解题技巧

这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词,根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式,具体技巧有以下三种。

技巧10: 作表语(在系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾补(表性质状态),通常用形容词形式。

例26:the youngster immediately fell __26__(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

例27:teachers must try their best to make most of their students __27__(interest) in the subject.

技巧11: 修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。

例28:as i looked __28__(close) at this girl, i found that…

例29: _29__(fortune),the guest escaped unharmed.

技巧12: 有的词义转换题,词类或词性不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un?鄄, im?

鄄, in?鄄等,在词根后加?鄄less等。

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