倒装句的类型。
倒装是中学英语不可缺少的语言点之一，也是高考考查的重要内容。先看以下句子：
the teacher came in. 正常语序 b. in came the teacher. 倒装语序（全部倒装）
h**e never seen a film so moving before. 正常语序。
b. never before h**e i seen a film so moving 倒装语序（部分倒装）
she is a nice girl. 正常语序 b. is she a nice girl? 倒装语序（部分倒装）
以下就此做总结：通常英语句子的主语是在谓语动词之前，这种语序称为自然语序；反之，如果谓语动词在主语前，这种语序就称为倒装语序。倒装语序又分为部分倒装（即把谓语动词的一部分即助动词或情态动词移至主语前面）和全部倒装（即把整个谓语动词置于主语之前）。
单个的be动词只用全部倒装。强调性倒装和以so, neither, nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。
1.完全倒装。
谓语动词部分完全置于主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。即“谓语+主语”。
这类句型主要有四种：
1)there be 句型中，其中be可换作 appear, come, exist, happen, lie, remain, seem, stand等动词。eg. there stands a temple on the top of the mountain.
2)表示方式、方位或时间的副词，如：here ,there ,out , in ,up，down ,away，now, then, off等置于句首作状语，而谓语动词一般是be, come, follow, go, begin, end等，且句子主语是名词的时候。
eg. away went the boy . 那个男孩子走了。
out rushed the boy .那个男孩子冲了出去。 now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。
注意 :上述情况中，当主语是人称代词时则不用倒装。
here you are . 给你。 in she walked .她走了进来。 away they went . 他们都走了。
3)表示地点的介词词组in front of, on the wall, in the room等位于句首，且后面有不及物动词come, be, stand, sit, live, lie, exist 等时。
in front of the school lies a lake .学校前面有个湖。
in a lecture hall of a university in england sits a professor.在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。
(4)作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语于位句首时，其倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。
gone are the days when they were poor. 他们受穷的日子一去不复返了。
present at the meeting were the scientists from all over the world.
来自全世界的科学家出席了这次会议。
2.部分倒装。
1) 当only后接副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，引起句子部分倒装，即把助动词或情态助动词置于所在句或主句主语前。
only in this way can you make progress in your studies.
只有以这种方法，你才能取得学习上的进步。
only then did i realize that i made a serious mistake indeed.
只有到那时我才意识到我真正犯了一个严重错误。
only when his mother got well was he able to go back to school .
只有当她的母亲病好了他才能够回去上学。
注意 :only修饰主语时，句子不能倒装。
only little gauss can solve the difficult problem. 只有小高斯能解决这个难题。
2) 含有(半)否定意义的副词never, not ,hardly ,little, seldom ,rarely, scarcely，barely以及表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition, in no way等置于句首时，引起所在句部分倒装，即把助动词或情态助动词置于句子主语前。
not once h**e we been to china .=we h**e not been to china once. 我们一次也未到过中国。
by no means should you give up. 你决不应该放弃。
never before h**e i seen such a moving film.=i h**e never seen such a moving film before.
我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。
3) hardly/scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…, not only…but also…, not…until…..引导的句子，当hardly, no sooner, not until, not only位于句首时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。但当not only…but also…连接两个主语时不倒装；neither…nor…引导两个分句时，两个分句都要部分倒装。
hardly had i reached the bus stop when the bus started .我一到汽车站汽车就开了。
neither h**e i been to europe, nor has he.我未去过欧洲，他也未去过欧洲。
not only do students come to school early, but also the teachers do.
not only he but also his parents like playing piano.
4) so , neither , nor 置于句首时，意为“也（不）”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另外的人或物时，引起所在句部分倒装，其肯定句型是：so +be/助动词或情态动词+主语； 其否定句型是：nor/neither +be/助动词或情态动词+主语。
eg his brother likes football and so does my brother.
he hasn’t finished his homework . neither has his classmate .
注意 (1)当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。 意思为“的确如此”。 it is too hot.
天太热了。 -so it is.是啊，的确很热。
it is raining hard.雨下大了。--so it is.的确下大了。
(2)如果表示前面两件或两件以上的事也适合另一人或物时，则需要用so it is/was with…或it is/was the same with…结构。
she doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing. so it is with my sister.
她不弹钢琴，但她喜欢唱歌。我姐姐也一样。
tom was born in new zealand and lived in australia. so it was with john.
/it was the same with john.汤姆在新西兰出生，在澳大利居住。约翰也是。
5) 在so…that和such…that的结构中，如果so、such引导的部分放在句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。 so fast did he speak that we could hardly follow him .
such great progress did he make that he was praised .
so frightened was she that she couldn’t say a word.
6) 以as ,though 等连词引导让步状语从句，从句中的表语或修饰谓语动词的副词或谓语动词应提到句首，其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词时，要把名词前的冠词去掉。though引导的也可以用正常结构。
以上结构一般为“adj./adv./v.
/v.-ed/v-ing/n.+as/though +主语+谓语 ”。
young as he is ,he is quite experienced in the work .
child as he was , he had to make his living .
try as they might, they could not succeed.
much as i like it , i’ll not buy it .
(7) 在if引导的虚拟条件句中，从句中如果有助动词had、情态动词should或系动词were(was)，可省略if，把had，should或were(was)移到主语之前。
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