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倒装句与省略句用法
第一,倒装句用法。
英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
一、 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况:
1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:
there goes the bell! 铃响了!
there lived an old man in the village.村里有一位老汉。
here comes the bus.汽车来了。
注意: ①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, rush,march等。
②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如away he went. 他走远了。
2、方位状语在句首, 如:
in front of the house stopped a police car.房前停一辆警车。
nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.附近有两只小船,他们乘着来到这个小岛。
under the tree sat a boy.树下坐着一个小男孩。
3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装。
“what does it mean?” asked the boy或the boy asked.
二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:
1、 否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely, seldom等。
never shall i forget you.我绝不会忘记你。
at no time was the man aware of what was happening. 这人绝不知道发生了什么事情。
little did i understand what he said to me at that time. 当时我不知道他对我说什么。
2、 几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly… when等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半。
倒装, 后句不倒装:
not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his german citizenship was taken away.
no sooner had i got to the bus stop than the bus started.
注意: ①not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如:
not only you but also i like playing chess.
②neither…nor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,
neither do i h**e a sister nor does my husband.
3、only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:
only then did i realize that i was wrong.
only in this way can i learn from my fault.
only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.
注意: only强调主语不倒装:
only the teachers can use the room.
4、so…that句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:
so easy is it that a child can learn it.
so hard did he work that he finally won the fame.
i saw the film, so did he.
1、倒装句(inversion)
英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前,这种语序称为“倒装”。
一、倒装的类型。
二、倒装结构的基本用法。
1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装。
2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。(使句子更加流畅,更加生动)
第二,倒装句典型错误例析
1.尽管汤姆很年轻,他知道得很多。
误:as tom is young,he knows a lot.
正:young as tom is ,he knows a lot.
【简析】由as(尽管,虽然)引起的让步状语从句其特点是:把从句里的表语、状语或(原形)动词提到句首,然后是as,最后接主语或其他部分。例如:
busy as he is,he often helps me with my english.尽管他很忙,还是经常帮助我学习英语。(表语+as+主语+……
注:如果表语是名词时,名词前通常不用冠词。例如:
child as he is,he can speak three languages.尽管他是个孩子,却会说三种语言。
hard as he worked,he failed the exam.尽管他学习很努力,然而还是没有考及格。(
状语+as+主语+……
try as you may,you will not succeed.虽然你可以试一试,但不会成功的。(实义动词+as+主语+……
2.他不止一次地独自去游泳。
误:many a time he went swimming alone.
正:many a time did he go swimming alone.
简析】always,often,many a time,well,thus,such等词位于句首时,通常引起倒装。例如:
always did he come to help me when he had time. 他只要有时间总是来帮助我。
often had i advised him not to smoke. 我经常劝他不要抽烟。
such was my study plan. 这就是我的学习计划。
3.迈克是中学生学习很努力,简也是一样。
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