一．完全倒装。
定义：把谓语的全部放在主语之前。
完全倒装主要有以下两种情况。
一）在以here, there, out, in ,up, down, away, back, off, now, then等副词开头的句子里，以示强调，要用完全倒装（其结构为：副词+谓语+主语）。
1. in came the teacher. 老师进来了。
2. out rushed the boy.男孩冲了出去。
3. down went the boy.男孩下来了。
主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。
1. in he came.
2. out she rushed.
3. down he went.
二) 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时（其结构为：表语/状语+谓语+主语）。
1. around his neck was a brown snake. 一条棕色的蛇缠绕着他的脖子。
2. on the ground lay an old sick goat. 一只生病的山羊躺在地上。
与高考连接]
1. on the wall __two large portraits. (met 85)
a. hangs b. hang c. hanged d. hanging
2. be quickmet 86)
a. the bus comes here b. the bus here comes c. here the bus comes d. here comes the bus
key: 1. b 2. d
二。 部分倒装。
定义： 把助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前。
部分倒装主要有以下八种情况。
一） 把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物，其句型为：
so+助／情／系+另一主语。
1. he is a ball fan. so am i.
2. i h**e finished my *****. so has he.
3. if he can do it, so can i.
二) 把neither/nor放在句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或物，其句型为：
neither/nor+助／情／系+另一主语。
1. i h**e never been to beijing. neither/nor has my sister.
2. li wei can’t answer the question. neither/nor can i.
3. he isn’t willing to go, and neither/nor am i.
三) only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时。
1. only then did i realize the importance of english. 直到那时我才意识到学英语的重要性。
2. only by this means can we work it out.只有通过这种方式我们才能解决它。
3. only when i h**e seen it with my own eyes will i believe it.只有当我亲眼看见的时候我才相信。
only修饰主语时，不倒装。
only wang lin can answer my question.只有王林能够回答我的问题。
四) 含有否定意义的副词、连词或介词短语放在句首时。
如：hardly, never, not, seldom, nowhere, little, not until, not only…but also, neither…nor…,no sooner …than…,hardly…when, at no time, by no means, in no time, in no way…
a. 含有否定意义的副词。
1. never shall i forget the day.我永远也不会忘记那一天。
2. not a single mistake did he make. 他一个错误也没出。
b. 含有否定意义的介词短语。
1. by no means should theory be separated from practice.无论如何理论也不能脱离实践。
2. in no way can they le**e freely. 他们决不能随便离开。
c. 含有否定意义的连词。
not until + 从句+ 主句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
not only+分句 …but also+分句时，前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。
neither+分句… nor +分句时， 前后两个分句都倒装。
1. not until he was nine did he go to school. 他直到九岁才去上学。
2. not only did he like english but also he learns it well.他不但喜欢英语而且学的很好。
3. neither does he drink nor does he smoke.他既不喝酒又不吸烟。
not only…but also(不但…而且), neither…nor(既不…也不)这两个句型连接两个并列主语时不倒装。
1. not only he but also i went to the park.
2. neither you nor i could do it.
“no sooner+分句…than+分句…”与“hardly+分句…when+分句”这两种句型意思一样 “一…就”。用法也一样。前面的分句倒装，且用过去完成时；后面的分句不倒装，用一般过去时。
1. no sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.他一**就睡着了。
2. hardly had we entered the classroom when the bell rang.我们一进入教室铃声就响了。
译：他一离开家，天就下起雨来。
(五) so 修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，整个修饰部分放在句首时，该句子要使用部分倒装。（其结构为：so/such…that…）
1. he was so frightened in the darkness that he didn’t dare to move ahead.
so frightened was he in the darkness that he didn’t dare to move ahead.
2. it is such an interesting book that they all like reading it.
such an interesting book is it that they all like reading it.
3. she looked so funny that everyone bust into laughing.
4. he spoke so loudly that people in the next room could hear him.
(六)在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句中的谓语动词含有were, had, should 等助动词时，可将连词if 去掉，把were, had, should提到句首，从句采用部分倒装形式。
1. if i were in your position, i would refuse her invitation.
2. if it should rain tomorrow, i shall stay at home.
3. if you had helped him, he would h**e succeeded.如果你帮了他，那他是会成功的。
若if从句是否定句，那么否定词在倒装句中留在主语之后。
if it were not for the atmosphere, the stars could be seen at any time.
假如没有大气，任何时候都可以看到星星发光。
三．特殊倒装。
一) however/no matter how“无论怎样”等引导的让步状语从句中，常将从句中的形容词、副词提前，紧跟在 however 之后，但从句中的主谓语序不倒置。
she always goes swimming, however cold it is.不管天气多冷，她总是去游泳。
译：无论多晚，我都会等你。
二)as/though （尽管，虽然）引导的让步状语从句，常把表语或状语置于句首采用倒装。
其结构为：总结：
as引导的让步状语从句只能用倒装结构。
though引导的让步状语从句既能采用倒装结构，又可用正常语序。
1. old as/though he is, he still works hard. 虽然他年纪大了，他仍然努力工作。
=though he is old, he still works hard.
2. child as/though he is, he knows a lot of things.
=though he is a child, he knows a lot of things. (注意：倒装句时，名词前的冠词___
3. fast as/though you run, you can’t catch up with him.
=though you run fast, you can’t catch up with him.
4. try as/though you would, you can’t persuade him.
=though you would try, you can’t persuade him.
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