week 13
unit 7
一teaching contents：
passive voice
二 teaching aims：
1.掌握被动语态的构成。
2.掌握动词过去分词的变形。
3.掌握被动语态在不同时态的用法。
4.掌握被动语法的特殊用法。
三important & difficult points:
不同时态中被动语态的构成方法。
四 students analysis:
学生在此之前从未接触过被动语态，这是一个新的知识点，结构并不难，但是找着重区分不同时态中被动语态的变形。
五teaching procedures:
step 1: explanation
1) 被动语态的概念。
1）英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：many people speak chinese.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：chinese is spoken by many people. 英语english是动词speak的承受者。
2) 被动语态的构成。
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is/are＋spoken
一般过去时：was／were＋spoken
一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken
过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken
现在完成时：h**e／has been＋spoken
过去完成时：had been + spoken
3) 被动语态的用法。
a. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）
this bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于2023年。
b. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：the glass was broken by mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
this book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
4) 主动语态变被动语态的方法。
1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2. 把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。
3. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
all the people laughed at him.
he was laughed at by all people.
they make the bikes in the factory.
the bikes are made by them in the factory.
he cut down a tree.
a tree was cut down by him.
5) 含有情态动词的被动语态。
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，
例如：my bike must be stolen.
the work can’t be finished in two days.
step 2: excise
1 the people's republic of china __on october 1, 1949.
a. found b. was founded c. is founded d. was found
) 2 english __in canada.
a. speaks b. are spoken c. is speaking d. is spoken
) 3 this english song___by the girls after class.
a. often sings b. often sang c. is often sang d. is often sung
) 4 this kind of car __in japan.
a, makes b. made c. is ****** d. is made
) 5 new computers __all over the world.
a. is used b. are using c. are used d. h**e used
) 6 our room must __clean.
a. keep b. be kept c. to be kept d. to keep
)7 -i'd like to buy that coat.
i'm sorry. _
a. it sold b. it's selling c. it's been sold d. it had been sold
) 8 a new house __at the corner of the road.
a. is building b. is being built c. been built d. be building
) 9 the key __on the table when i le**e.
a. was left b. will be left c. is left d. has been left
) 10 doctors __in every part of the world.
a. need b. are needing c. are needed d. will need
step 3: sum up
make a conclusion about the passive tense
初中英语被动语态专项练习。
改写句子。built a new school in the village last year.（改为被动语态）
a new schoolin the village last year.
the old days people used teapots（茶壶） to make tea. （改为被动语态）
in the old days teapotsto make tea.
makes me feel thirsty.（改为被动语态）
ifeel thirsty by this.
you buy this bike from the shop ? 改为被动语态）
from the shop （by you）?
this year, millions of trees has been planted by the soldiers（改为主动语态）only this year, the soldiersmillions of trees..
should speak to old men politely. （改为被动语态）
old men shouldpolitely.
7. my watch needs repairing.（同义句）
my watch needs
8. he’s often seen to dance in his room
(反意疑问句)
9. the photos were taken in japan.
改为否定句。
改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答。
③（对划线提问。
选择题 )1.__a new library __in our school last year?
built build
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