unit 4 he said i was hard-working
1. both……and…… 两者都(谓语动词要注意对称原则)
2. neither….nor 两者都不(谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则)
3. agree on something同意某人的计划见agree to do sth答应/同意做…
4be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做。
5do better in=be better at 在。方面做得更好。
6sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词,一般只能跟adj.做表语。
7sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like
听起来像…/感觉像…/闻起来像…/尝起来像…/看起来像…+sb./sth.
8h**e a very hard time with.. 在---日子不好过。
本单元语法讲解。
直接引语和间接引语。
一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。
1. 时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said,asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时等。
例如: tom said to me,“ my brother is doing his homework.”
→tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化;根据意义进行相应的变化。 如:
she asked jack,“where h**e you been?” she asked jack where he(二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
1.陈述句的间接引语:陈述句由直接引语变间接引语,由that引导,可以省略。
“i want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。
→he told us that he wanted the blue one. 他说他想要兰色的。
2. 疑问句的间接引语。
直接引语如果是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序,句末用句号,动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种:
1).一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时, 由whether或if 引导。 如:
“has he ever worked in shanghai?”jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗?”吉姆问。
jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。
(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍由原来的疑问词引导。
“which room do you live in?” he asked. “你住哪个房间?”他问我。
3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,beg,request,order等,而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。 如:
jack said, “please come to my house tomorrow, mary.” 杰克说:“玛丽,明天请到我家来。”
→jack asked mary to go to his house the next day. 杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。
2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式,则间接引语中的动词时态,代词,限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时,以上内容就要有相应变化。
变化情况如下: 现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时。
一般现在时 →一般过去时; 现在进行时 →过去进行时;
一般将来时 →过去将来时;现在完成时 →过去完成时;
一、单项选择。
1. i think___you are . whichb. that c. whed. how
he___go there by himself.
a. think;won’t b. don’t think;willc. don’t think;is d .think;isn’t going to
teacher told us the moon___around the went b. goes move
4.—i’m flying to beijing for a visit with my parents
a. if you wish b. that’s righc. h**e a good journey d. help yourself
5.—how can you get to beijing___shanghaitrain.
a. from;on b. from;by .to;on a
6. he told me that they___a match yesterday.
a. will h**e b. h**e c. had d. are h**ing
7. yesterday evening my uncle__ me an interesting story when someone knocked at the window
a. was tellingb. toldc .was speaking d. was saying
8. do you think___an english film tomorrow night?
a. is there b. there is going to bec. there is going to h**e d. will there be
9. no one knows___miss wang what b. how c. when d. where
you tell me___i can do it?a. thatb. what c. how d. how to
11.she askedshe could copy my if b. whatc. whod. whose
12.i asked her how going to become a computer programmer.
a. were you b. you were c. are you d. you are
13. lisa was supposed her homework before nine o'clock. but she couldn't.
a. to finish b. to finishing c. finish d. finishing
14. -must i stay here until one o'clock.--no, you
a. can'tb. needn't c. mustn't d. may not
15. i h**e to tell you.
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
made adecide) to go to gansu province to teach the children.
got a stomachache because heeat) too much at lunch.
from high school last year.
spent five hoursstudy) english every day.
5lucky), she caught the last bus and got home.
6.i find sciencereal) difficult.
got a (disappoint) result in spanish. he was sodisappoint).
8 he said he there next month.(go)
9. the teacher told us that the eartharound the sun. (tr**el )
isn't atrue) story. please tell me thetrue )
unit 4 what would you do?
1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气。
通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。.英语中的语气分三种:陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种祝愿,建议,与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等(即非真实的假设)。
if 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句(虚拟条件句)。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下,有可能实现的情况。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
if he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)
if i were you, i would go at once.(非真实条件状语从句)
1)非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。
1. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 medical research 医学研究。
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