倒装结构：完全倒装（将整个谓语置于主语前）&部分倒装（将谓语的一部分，通常是助动词或情态动词，移至主语前）
1.语法倒装。
疑问句倒装：助动词、情态动词、be动词、h**e放在主语之前，如果是特殊疑问句，还要疑问代词或疑问副词放在句首——how long h**e you been learning english?
注意：如特殊疑问句的疑问词提问的是主语，则用正常语序——who is on duty today?
there+be(其他表状态的动词)结构——there h**e been many such uprisings in our history.
以here, there, now, then等副词开头的句子。谓语动词是come, be, go等动词的时候——there comes the bus.
注意：如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装——there he comes.
虚拟条件中省略if时的were, had和should须移至主语之前——were he here, he would support the motion.
用so表示……也一样的结构里，语序应为。
a肯定：so+be, h**e, 助动词或情态动词+主语。
b否定：neither(nor)+be, h**e, 助动词或情态动词+主语。
注意：so用来表示对对方的赞同，不用倒装。
在感叹句中——may you succeed!
以thus, well, hence, often等方式状语或频度状语开头的句子——well do i remember the day i went to school for the first time.
the more……the more结构——the more you read, the more you know.
从句中连接代词或连接副词的倒装——you can hardly imagine how fast the drives.
2.修辞倒装。
“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时，用倒装——only in this way can you solve this problem.
含有否定意义的词组或词位于句首作状语时。常见的词有——never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, in no time, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way, in no case, in vain, at no time, not only…but also, neither…nor, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。
as和be引导的让步状语从句。其结构通常为形容词（副词、分词、动词）+as（though）+ 主语+谓语——cold as the weather was, it couldn’t cool our enthusiasm for work.
当“so(such)…that”中的so/such位于句首时用倒装——so absorbed was he that jenny hadn’t dared to make a sound.
为了句子的平衡或上下文连接——gone are the days when china had to depend on foreign oil.
在in, out, away, up, down, off等副词开头的句子中，为了描写生动，常常使用倒装——up went the rocket into the air.
在比较状语从句中和方式状语从句中——he was honest and diligent, as were most of his friends.
直接引语中间或后面表示“某人说”这类意思的插入语——“they must be in the fields now,” thought xiao lin.
强调结构。1.结构强调 @it is/was+被强调部分+that(who)…—it is who sent me the letter.
what…is/was…结构的强调——what i need most is a cup of beer.
句尾的强调——the war, we were told, would soon break out in chechnya.
倒装结构和句首的强调。倒装结构和句首位置也可以表示强调——much as he liked her, he had to le**e for a long time.
特殊疑问句+is/was+it+that+句子——what is it that you want me to do?
2.其他类型的强调 @增加助动词do的强调——do come early.
用whatever, as…as ever, more…than ever, more…than ever, utter, sheer, very, ever等词的强调——he won the game by sheer luck.
用at all, on earth, in the world, in he**en, under the sun等词组表达的强调——if it were not for him, we could not live at all.
the last表示强调——he could be the last person in the world to betray you.
增加the devil, the hell, the deuce, the blazes, in the hell, the dickens等词组的强调——who the dickens is he?
用not for the world, not on your life, not for worlds等表示强调——not for worlds would he surrender to the enemy.
用anything like和anything near等表达的强调——the film isn’t anything like as fascinating as we expected.
用by god, by george, for god’s sake, damn, for goodness’ sake, for pity’s sake表达的强调——the book is not worth a damn.
far, much, by far, still, a great deal和all the+比较级——that is all the faster he can run.
用if a 强调——she is forty, if a day.
if ever, if any, if anything和if at all——he is a musician if ever there was one.
用any that 和and… at that等表达的强调——she only speaks french, and that not very well.
用nothing if not表示强调——the boy was nothing if not clever.
用anything but表示强调——he is anything but honest.
用重复法进行强调——he told me that he would never, never forget his college experiences.
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