句子成分。
一．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。
the sun rises in the east.
he likes dancing.
twenty years is a short time in history.
seeing is believing
to see is to believe.
what he needs is a book.
it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
常见错误分析。
2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语时，只能使用其to do 或 doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。
改错： computer games does no good to us.
a walk in the street is her hobby.
home at once is his decision
more friends will do good to us.
like computer very much.
story was happening the year before last.
二．宾语：1．动作的承受者---动宾。
请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。
i like china.
he hates you.
how many do you need? we need two.
i enjoy working with you.
i hope to see you again.
did you write down what he said?
2．介词后的名词、代词和动名词---介宾。
are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting?
3．双宾语---间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
he g**e me a book yesterday.
常见错误分析。
1：介词后跟宾语时，必须为：名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。
改错：① i am fond of play basketball.
he’s crazy about read story books.
i am sorry for late.
i felt terribly sad for absent from class.
2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时，只能使用其to do 或 doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。
改错：①i enjoy make friends with everyone.
he wanted go home at once.
三。表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。
英语中常见的系动词及其分类。
状态系动词：用来表示主语状态：即be 。常译为是。
持续系动词：用来表示主语的继续或保持某种状况或态度，主要包括remain、keep、stay、lie 、stand 、exist等。保持，依然是。
i hope you will keep fit.
we can remain friends.
please stay seated
变化系动词：用来表示主语变成什么样，主要包括：become 、grow 、turn 、get 、fall 、 go 、come 、run 等。常译为变得。
he went mad.
his hair turned grey.
i fell ill.
结果系动词：表示主语对应的结果，主要有：prove to be ,turn out to be。常译为结果是。
感官系动词：主要有feel 、smell 、sound 、 taste ， seem 、 appear 、look。
her voice sounds sweet. tom looks thin.
the food smells delicious. the food tastes good.
now i feel tired.
请找出下列句子的表语并指出什么可以充当表语。
he is a teacher.
seventy-four! you don’t look it.
five and five is ten.
he is asleep.
his father is in.
the picture is on the wall.
my watch is gone / missing / lost.
to wear a flower is to say “i’m poor, i can’t buy a ring.
the question is whether they will come.
常见错误分析：
1：动词及其短语在作句子的表语时，需用其非谓语形式，其中 to do 表将来的主动性动作，doing 表正在进行的主动性动作，有时也用作形容词表示主语所具有的特征；done 表示被动的已完成的动作。
选择： my hobby is ＿＿basketball.
a: play b: playing c: to play d: played
the dog was so ＿＿in that toy.
a: interesting b: interested c: to interest d: interest
my plan is ＿＿home immediately.
a: go b: to go c: gone d: going.
kitty was ＿＿at everything he saw.
a: surprising b: surprise c: surprised d: to surprise
i was ＿＿at my grades.
a: disappointed b: disappoint c: disappointing d: to disappoint
2：名词、代词做表语时，其数必须和主语保持一致。
改错：①we are student.
these are panda.
it’s birds.
3：表语常用形容词，而不用其副词形式。
改错：1）he is sadly.
2）he is friendly to everyone.
（3）the food smells bad but it tastes well.
4)one year later, he turned a writer. (a)
5)as time went on, his idea was proved right.
四．谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
1：实义动词及其短语作谓语。
a stitch in time s**es nine.
2：情态动词+动词原形作谓语。
the law can not make all men equal ,but they are equal before the law.
3：助动词+实义动词或系动词（多为动词原形）作谓语。
you’d better go now ,or you’ll be late for the interview.
4：系动词+表语作谓语。
常见错误分析：
1：系动词+表语（名、代、介、形、副、非谓语……）才能构成完整的谓语。注意谓语一定要有动词的参予来完成。
改错。he at home now.
i against / for the plan.
i in f**or of this idea.
the light on / off then.
he dead now.
i fond of pandas.
he always interested in english.
the book worth reading.
i eager to get your help.
the girl dressed in white then.
my plan to do some shopping today.
i into playing table tennis.
my aim to teach you well.
tom devoted to his job then.
2： 情态动词和助动词虽有实义，但不能单独做谓语，必须和实义动词或系表结构一起构成复合谓语，尤其表语是形容词、副词、介词、时出现错误最多，处理方式是在表语前添加合适的系动词，多为be的合适形式。
改错：①you can’t late again.
he may at home.
he must away now.
tom may dead now.
john must from the usa.
in my opinion ,he will well soon.
he didn’t against the plan.
mao has dead for 32 years.
they didn’t through the forest.
五．补足语：用于补充说明其他的句子成分。有主补、和宾补两种，用于补充说明主、宾所处的状态、性质、特征等。
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
请找出下列句子的宾补并指出什么可以充当宾补。
1. he found his new job boring.
2. the called their daughter mary.
3. this placed her in a very difficult position.
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