一、 英语词法。
1、 实词与虚词(6+4=10)
1) 名词【n.】:表示人或事物的名称。
如 boyfriend house book
( 2 ) 动词【v.】:表示动作或状态。
如 love read see
(3) 形容词【adj.或a.】:表示人和事物的性质和特征。
如 beautiful primary elementary personal affair abstract
(4) 副词【adv.或ad.】:修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。
如 strongly sideways regularly
(5) 代词【pron.】:代替名词、形容词或数词。
如 either she some
6) 数词【num.】:表示数量和顺序。
如 six thousand zero
7) 冠词【art.】用在名词前,表示名词的特指和泛指。
只有三个: a an the
8)介词【prep.】表示名词、代词和句中其他词的关系。
如 regarding(关于) with through
(9) 连词【conj.】连接词、短语、从句和句子。
如 and though but
(10) 感叹词【interj.】表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的情感。
如 hush oh
二、 句子成分。
1、 八种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attributive)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)、同位语(appositive)。
2、 say:
(1)i saw your brother yesterday.
2) d**id is reading now.
3) you are not my cup of tea.
4) the boy playing basketball is my son.
5) all students found the exam easy.
6) she will go home to see her poor father.
3、【主语】:是句子所要说明的人或事物,表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。
say:(1) the storm caused great damage to the crops.
(2) as a matter of fact, loss of sleep can cause you to put on weight.
谓语】:说明主语的动作或状态的部分。
say: 1)he was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.
(2) he got the news from mary that the sports meeting was put off.
宾语】:及物动词的对象或介词所表示的某种联系的对象。
say:1) he knows the news.
2) lily has passed the examination of cet-6.
表语】:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
常见的系动词有:be / sound/ look/ feel/smell/taste/remain等。
for example:
1) the weather has turned cold.
(2) three times seven is twenty one.
1)状态系动词。
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
he is a teacher.
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
he always kept silent at the meeting.
3)表象系动词。
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
he looks tired.
he seems very sad.
4)感官系动词。
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
this kind of cloth feels very soft.
this flower smells very sweet.
5)变化系动词。
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如:
he became mad after that.
she grew rich within a short time.
6)终止系动词。
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
the rumor proved false.
his plan turned out a success.
定语】用于限定名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、特征所属。
such as :
1)guilin is a beautiful city.
(2) he is reading an article about how to learn english.
状语】用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步)
such as: (1) he has lived in the city for ten years.
(2) tom is in the room ****** a model plane.
补语】用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。
分为主补和宾补---补充主语的叫主补,位于连系动词后的补语叫表语,宾语之后的补语叫宾补)
for example: (1) .his mother is elegant.
2) they painted their house white.
同位语】位于名词或名词性短语之后,说明其内容。
such as:
(1) the news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school
2) the plump girl is my cousin, helen.
三、句子结构: 简单句、复合句、并列句。
1]简单句:****** sentence
主谓 svsay:my head aches.
主谓宾 svo
say: i wear jeans today.
主谓宾宾svoo
say: she g**e me a fairy tale book.
主系表svc
say: she is elegant.
主谓宾补svoc
say: she makes her mother angry.
exercise:看看下面是哪一种简单句。
1】 chinese national flag is rising.
2】 the story is moving.
3】 the teacher asked me to read the poem.
4】 she bought me a silk scarf.
四、 key points: 【1】如何区分句子是主谓还是主谓宾?
主谓:谓语动词是不及物动词vi.
主谓宾:谓语动词是及物动词vt.且后面带宾语。
for example:
1) the flag is rising.
2) the milk turned sour.
3) i am looking for a job right now.
4) the masterpiece, gone with the wind, is moving.
2】如何区分句子是主谓宾宾还是主谓宾补?
主谓宾宾svoo: 主语有两个宾语,直接宾语和间接宾语。间人。
一个重要句型: vt.+ sb.+ sth.
主谓宾补svoc: 记住宾补是补充宾语的。
such as: my best friend made me a present card.
all of us find the task easy.
【3】感叹句两种重要表达法;
what +n. (注意:加不加a 或an 取决于名词可不可数)
how +adj./adv.
如: nice weather!
a nice girl.
nice the girl is .
good students they are!
fast he runs.
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