第13 章基本句型。
. 句子的种类。
i. 句子按用途和目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1. 陈述句：用来叙述一件事情或说明一个事实，包括肯定和否定形式；陈述句句末用句号，句末用降调。
2. 疑问句：用来提出疑问，句末用句号。根据提问的形式，疑问句又可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1）一般疑问句：通常可用yes或no回答问题的问句，句末用升调。
2）特殊疑问句：就句子中某一部分进行提问的问句。特殊疑问句以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，句末用降调。
3）选择疑问句：提供对方两种或两种以上情况，要求选择其中之一来回答的问句。选择疑问句or前面半句用升调，句末用降调。
4）反意疑问句：对陈述句所讲的情况提出相反疑问的问句。反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是省略的问句（tag-question）。
如前一部分用肯定是，后一部分则用否定式；如前一部分用否定式，后一部分则用肯定式。如前半句中有never, seldom和hardly等含否定意义的副词时，tag-question一般用肯定形式。在表示对所问的情况把握不大时句末用升调，如把握较大时句末可用降调。
3. 祈使句：用来表示请求、命令或劝告等。它的主语you通常省略。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，句末用降调。
4. 感叹句：用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情。
感叹句一般有①“what+名词短语+陈述句”和②“how+形容词/副词+陈述句”两种形式，也有③“how+陈述句”的形式。感叹句句末用感叹号，句末用降调。
eg. 1. the town government set up a new modern hospital for farmers
a. does itb. doesn’t itc. did itd. didn’t it
2does a flying saucer look like?
a. howb. whatc. whichd. who
3. my brother never gets up early on sunday mornings
a. does heb. doesn’t hec. can hed. isn’t he
4surprising news they h**e got!
a. whatb. what ac. howd. what piece of
5. there is nothing important in today’s news*****
a. isn’t thereb. is therec. isn’t itd. is it
6interesting it is to chat with you on the internet every day!
a. what anb. how anc. whatd. how
7. they hardly h**e time to listen to music
a. do theyb. h**e they
c. don’t theyd. h**en’t they
8is it from here to the nearest post office?
a. how fastb. how many
c. how fard. how long
9enjoyable trip the spring outing was!
a. whatb. what a
c. what and. how
10will the next light rail train come?
- in ten minutes.
a. how longb. how far
c. how oftend. how soon
按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。
1. d**id stayed at home all day last saturday.(改为反意疑问句）
d**id stayed at home all day last saturday
2. my mother doesn’t like hamburgers.(改为反意疑问句）
my mother doesn’t like hamburgers
3. the students could hardly hear the lecturer.(改为反意疑问句）
the students could hardly hear the lecturer
4. alice has made little progress this term.(改为反意疑问句）
alice has made little progress this term
5. i don’t think it is difficult to learn english well.(改为反意疑问句）
i don’t think it is difficult to learn english well
6. she looks very beautiful in her pink hat. (改为感叹句）
beautiful shein her pink hat!
7. you h**e taken very good advice.(改为感叹句）
advice you h**e taken!
8. she’s told us a very interesting story.(改为感叹句）
interesting story she’s told us!
9. bi is a very honest boy.(改为感叹句）
bill is!
10. the olympic games are held every four years.(对划线部分提问)
are the olympic games held?
答案】 he 2. does she 3. could they 4. has she 5. is it
6. how , looks 7. what good 8. what an 9. how honest 10. how often
ii. 句子结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1. 简单句：只有一个主谓结构的句子。
2. 并列句：由两个语法上互不修饰的主谓结构的句子组成，常由and, but, so, or等并列连词连接。
3. 复合句：由一个主句和一个以上的从句组成，常由从属连词连接。复合句可以是主句和状语从句、主句和宾语从句、主句和表语从句、主句和主语从句、主句和定语从句等组成。
专项训练2按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。
1. they didn’t go for a walk because of the rain.(改为复合句）
they didn’t go for a walk because
2. the art gallery was too crowded for us to get in.(改为复合句）
the art gallery wascrowded that weget in it.
3. tom knows how to use a computer.(改为复合句）
tom knows howuse a computer.
4. the driver kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.(改为复合句）
the driver kept silent about the accidenthe might not lose his job.
5. we h**en’t decided which hotel to stay at on. holiday.(改为复合句）.
we h**en’t decided which hotelstay at on holiday.
6. some people like wooden chairs better than sofas.(改为。简单句）
some peoplewooden chairssofas
7. this maths problem is so difficult that nobody can work it out.(改为简单句）
this maths problem is too difficultto work out.
8. the girl is so clever that she can memorize new words quickly(.改为简单句）
the girl is clevermemorize new words quickly.
9. you must get everything ready as soon you can.(改为简单句）
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