1-简单句。
1. 主——谓。
主：n./pron./to do sth/doing sth/主语从句。
谓：vi.（如：
come, go, arrive, stay, work, fall, rise, die, happen, fail, appear, lie, sit, stand, last）
1) the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
2) your brother has gone home.
3) we work hard at english.
2.主——谓——宾。
谓：vt. （如：visit, spend, forget, raise)
宾：n./pron./ to do sth. /doing sth. /宾语从句）
1)i study chemistry and he studies physics.
2)i h**e never seen such an interesting film.
3)he doesn't know what to read.
3.主---谓（vt.)-间接宾语（sb.)-直接宾语( sth.)
1)give sb sth=give sth to sb: send, pass, hand, show
2)buy sb sth=buy sth for sb: make, get, cook, call, find
3)ask sb sth=ask sth of sb
1)will you lend me your bike?
2)peter bought mary a new dress.
3)please get him some hot water.
4)will you tell us sth. about your school life?
5)this little boy is always asking the teacher all sorts of questions.
6)pass me the *****, please.
7)john is teaching mary how to ride a bicycle.
4.主---谓(vt.)-宾---宾补。
宾补：n./adj/adv/介词短语/to do sth （如：ask, tell, order, want, wish, encourage, allow, forbid）
do sth.（如：“四看”、“二听”、“一感觉”；h**e, let ,make )
1)i saw her enter the lab.
2)nancy felt her heart beating fast.
3)we elected him our school headmaster.
4)the students often keep their classroom clean and tidy.
5)i heard him singing happily in the next room.
6)that man made the boy obey him.
7)he painted the door red.
8)she found her bike stolen.
9)let me h**e a look.
10)we asked them to stay for lunch.
11)suddenly she saw a wallet lying on the ground.
12)when he woke up, he found himself tied down.
5.主---系---表。
系：be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make
the news was exciting.
he was excited at the news.
the teachers' office is clean and tidy.
she became a league member in 1978.
the summer palace looks especially beautiful in the early morning.
the music sounds sweet.
your answer doesn't sound right.
the dish smells good/delicious.
the liquid tastes bitter.
my job is to teach english./teaching english.
this story is very interesting.
i'm interested in the story.
2-名词性从句。
1.主语从句---谓语---宾语。
1)whether it is true remains a question.
2)whether he will go or not has not been decided.
3)it isn't quite clear why she did it.
4)it is not known where she has gone.
2. 主语---谓语(vt.)-宾语从句。
1)i wonder whether or not mike is at home now.
2)i don't care whether or not his car breaks down.
3)his parents think it a pity that their son didn't pass the exam..
4)he was born in what is now known as shanghai.
3.主语---系---表语从句。
1).china is no longer what it used to be.
2).that's why we love our motherland so much.
3).it looks as if it's going to rain.
4).the reason why he was absent yesterdy was that he was ill.
4. 某些抽象名词---引导词---同位语从句（注意：which不能引导同位语从句)
抽象名词：（如：news/idea/fact/hope/belief/promise/suggestion/conclusion/opinion/remark评论、意见，saying格言、谚语，evidnce)
引导词：（如：that, whether, how, when, where, why)
1)连接词：that, whether/if,as if---在从句中不充当任何成分。
2)连接代词：who, what,which,whose---在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。
3)连接副词：when, many/much/soon/often/long---在从句中充当状语。
1)here comes the news that some foreign friends will come to our school.
2)the fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
3)i h**e no idea when she will come back.
名次性从句中：
注意-1：(1)if不能引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词的宾语从句。
(2)与or not或不定式连用，要用whether.
(3)what本身有一定的意义，且在从句中充当一定的成分，而that本身无任何意义，且在从句中不充当任何成分。
注意-2：in that(由于、因为），except that(除了---but that(如果没有、要不是---besides that(除了---也可以引导名次性从句。
(1)i know nothing about his career except that he is a graduate of tsinghua university.
(2)he would h**e helped us but that he was short of money at that time.
3)but that i saw it, i couldn't h**e believed it.
弄清一类连词：“无论（不管。
no matter who---whoever---
no matter what---whatever---
no matter which---whichever---
no matter when---whenever---
no matter where---wherever
no matter how + adj/adv---however + adj/adv---
左边：只能引导让步状语从句。而右边：既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。
例：i'll give the book to __wants it.
a. anyone b. those who c. whoever
no matter who= whoever wants to read the book, you may lend it to him.
弄清同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
1)that引导定语从句时，that充当定语从句的成分；that引导同位语从句时，that不充当从句的任何成分。
2)当when,where,why引导定语从句时，其意义与先行词有关，与先行词的意义基本相同，没有疑问意义；但它们引导同位语从句时，其意义与被同位的词毫无关系，其意义完全与疑问词相同，即when表示；“什么时候”，where表示：“哪儿”。它们引导两种从句时都在从句中做状语。
1)he expressed the hope that he had for many years.
he expressed the hope that he would come to china again.
2)i h**e the 1st impression that he g**e me in 1980.
i h**e the 1st impression that he is an honest man.
3)比较：i still remember the day when i first came to beijing. (定语从句)
this is the house where i lived 2 years ago. (定语从句)
i h**e no idea when she will be back.(同位语从句）
then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed.(同位语从句）
特殊句型：1)it is said/believed/reported/thought/well-known that---
2)it turned out that---结果是，原来是---
3)it happened that---碰巧---
4)it occurred to me that---it struck me that---突然想起---
5)word came that---有消息传来说。
6)it seems/appears that似乎是，好像是。
7)it is a pity/a fact/no wonder that---真遗憾、是事实、难怪---
8)it is possible/probable/likely that---
9)it is important/necessary/strange that---
10)it is certain that---
11)it follows that---于是乎，从而---
12)there is no need to do sth.
13)it is up to sb to do sth. “该由某人做某事，由某人负责”
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