一、基本句型结构。
主系表结构：
主语（n./pron./v-ing）+系动词+表语(n./pron./adj./介词短语)
注：常见系动词：一个“是”(is\am\are) ；一个“感觉”(feel) ；一个“保持”(keep) ；一个“似乎”(seem) ；三个“变了”(get\turn\become) ；五个“起来”(taste\smell\look\sound\feel)
主谓宾结构：
主语（n./pron./v-ing）+谓语+宾语(n./pron./v.原/v-ing./to v./双宾语/从句)
注：常见vi.：come\go\begin\happen\laugh\stay\swim\walk\take place\work等。
常见接双宾语vt.：give\show\send\bring\pass\hand\telleturn\write\throw\
lend\make\buy\do\get\sing\pay等。
修饰成分：定语(n./pron./adj./to v./介词短语/从句)：修饰n./ pron.
状语(adv./to v./介词短语/从句)：修饰v./adj./adv.
补语(n./adj./adv./to v.)：补充说明。
二、按语法结构句子类型。
按照语法结构可以把句子分为：简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句：只有一个主谓结构的句子。
并列句：由连词把两个或两个以上平等而又互相独立的简单句连接而成的句子。
注：常见连词：and\but\although\or\because\so\either…oreither…norot only…but also
复合句：包含一个主句和一个或一个以上从句的句子。
注：初中阶段主要学习宾语从句和定语从句。
一）、宾语从句。
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。宾语从句是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语(常做pron.或vt.的宾语) ，宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
引导词。that引导陈述句性的宾语从句，常在say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。
例：i told him （that） he was wrong.
注：1）在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。
例：i don’t think you are right.
2）在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。
例：we think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. ,whether:
if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
例：i don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
注：不用if 引导的情况。
1)在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导。
例：everything depends on whether we h**e enough money.
2)宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导。
例：i don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
3.由wh-引导的宾语从句：连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。
例：do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)
i don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)
时态。1. 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，即：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。
例：1)she says that she is a student.
she said that she was a student.
2)she says that she will fly to japan in a week.
she said that she would fly to japan in a week.
3)she says that she has finished her homework already.
she said that she had finished her homework already.
4)she says that she can sing a song in english.
she said that she could sing a song in english.
2.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例：the teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
he told me that japan is an island country.
宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。
例：（1）i don’t know what i should do next.
i don’t know what to do next.
（2）he didn’t know where he would live.
he didn’t know where to live.
宾语从句练习。
合并下列句子。
said. they are american boys.
he said___they were american boys.
asked. is it made in american?
she asked __it was made in american.
3. he ask. are you a student?
he want to knowi was a student or not.
likes reading stories. i think.
i think
5. lucy said.“ linda is drawing her picture.”
lucy said
6.“did you take my blue pen? ”mike asked me.
mike asked me
your father at home tonight? tell me.
tell me
he come tomorrow? i don’t know.
i don’t know
it rain tomorrow? do you know?
do you know
10.“are you a student? ”he asked.
he asked
he been to hainan? she wanted to know.
your father a cook? tell me.
he swim at the age of four? i don’t know
michael like sandwich? i am not sure.
15. i want to know . can people eat with their left hands in muslim countries?
16. did americans eat food like chicken legs? she wanted to know.
17. what is the number of the smiths’flight? do you know?
18. when does their plane le**e beijing? do you know?
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