初中英语语法

一、动词-ing形式作主语

动词的 -ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加 -ing构成，包括 -ing分词和 -ing动名词。可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。

1. 一般形式

seeing is believing.

眼见为信。

coming to hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.

乘火车到杭州要16个小时。

2. 通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。如：

it's nice talking with you.

和你谈话很高兴。

it's no use arguing with him.

跟他争论没用。

3. “there + be + no + ing”结构，此结构的意义相当于“it's impossible + 不定式”。如：

there is no harm in doing so.

这样做没有害处。

二、动词-ing形式作表语。

动词 -ing可用来作表语。如：

this food smells inviting.

这种食物香味怡人。

my f**orite sport is swimming.

我最喜欢的运动是游泳。

their job is cleaning the window.

他们的工作是打扫窗子。

三、动词-ing形式作宾语

1. 动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。

i warned her against driving fast.

jim dislikes eating chocolate.

2. 有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词，常见的这类动词有：admit, acknowledge, advise, appreciate, **oid, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, excuse, escape,fancy, finish, forgive, face, endure, involve, give up, imagine, mention, mind, miss, pardon,practise, require, resent, resist, suggest, recall, resist, understand等。

the doctor advised taking more exercise.

医生建议多锻炼。

i suggest doing it in a different way.

我建议用不同的方法做。

3. 大部分“动词+介词”短语动词，只能后接动词-ing作宾语。这些动词短语有：

think of, give up, aim at, put off, insist on, persist in, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, le**eoff, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, set about等。

以下为to作介词的短语有：be used to, object to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to, see to, submit to, adapt to, apply to, accede to, get to, prefer to, adjust to, owe to,react to等。

do you feel like h**ing a drink?

你想喝点饮料吗？

i prefer swimming to playing basketball.

我喜欢游泳胜于打篮球。

4. 有些动词既可能带-ing分词作宾语，也可以带to不定式作宾语，但在语义上却有很大的差别。如：

chance to do 碰巧去做某事

chance doing 冒险试一试做某事

forget to do 忘记要去做某事

forget doing 忘记曾做过某事

go on to do 接着又做另一件事

go on doing 继续做同一件事

remember to do 记得要去做某事

remember doing 记得曾做过某事

stop to do 停下来去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

try to do 努力做某事

try doing 试一试做某事

regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾

regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾

mean to do 打算／想做某事

mean doing 意味着／意思是做某事。

四、动词-ing形式作宾语补语

i found the parade quite interesting to watch.

这种用法通常用在下列几类动词中，后接宾语然后加上-ing分词，构成复合宾语结构，-ing分词充当宾补成分。

1. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如：see, hear, feel, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, lookat, notice, observe等。

如：there we found him watching tv.

我们发现他在那儿看电视。

i heard someone knocking at the door.

我听见有人在敲门。

2. 在有些动词(如：regard, describe, accept, think of, quote等)之后，可由as引出-ing分词词组作宾补。如：

they regarded the contract as being invalid.

他们认为合同无效。

they described the child as being very clever.

他们描述这孩子非常聪明。

3. 使役动词，如：set, keep, h**e, get, le**e, catch等。如：

can you get my watch going again?

你能使我的表再走起来吗？

this sets me thinking.

这使我思考。

五、动词-ing形式作状语

ing分词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。

h**ing cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden. (时间)

打扫完房间，我们开始在花园里除草。

coming into the room, she saw everybody already at their work. (时间)

进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。

being ill, he couldn't go to school. (原因)

因为生病，他不能去上学。

h**ing no interest in the topic, he didn't go to the lecture. (原因)

由于对这个话题没有兴趣，他没去参加讲座。

working diligently, you will certainly succeed. (条件)

只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。

using atomic energy, we can build spaceships. (条件)

利用原子能，我们能够建造太空船。

granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired. (让步)

尽管)成绩是巨大的，(但)仍有一些要求改进的东西。

my car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (结果)

我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。

tr**eling by train, we visited a number of cities. (方式)

我们坐火车访问了好多城市。

mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴随)

玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。

六、动词-ing形式作定语。

分词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。-ing分词可以单独作定语，如：

a smiling face 笑脸

a leading figure 领导人物

ing分词还能构成合成词作定语，如：

easy-going man 好说话的人

当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。

she went on board the train le**ing for shanghai.

she went on board the train, which was le**ing for shanghai.

她乘坐了去上海的火车。

there are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park.

there are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park.

在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。

英语中有些动词后接另一动词作宾语时，该动词习惯上要用不定式形式，而不用动名词形式，这类动词(及短语动词)主要的有：afford 负担得起 / arrange 安排 / ask 要求 / care 想要 / choose 决定 / decide 决定 / demand 要求 / determine 决心 / expect 期待，预计 / help 帮助 / hesitate 犹豫 / hope 希望 / long 渴望 / manage 设法 / offer 主动提出 / plan 计划 / prepare 准备 / pretend 假装 / promise 答应 / refuse 拒绝 / want 想要 / wish 希望，等。如：

can you afford to lend me some money? 你能借出一些钱给我吗？

we’ve decided to hold a meeting. 我们决定召开一个会议。

he demanded to know the truth. 他要求知道事实真相。

he determined to learn french. 他决定学法语。

he expected to fail the examination. 他预料自己考试会不及格。

how did you manage to finish it so soon? 你怎么这样快就完成了？

he pretended to like us, but he didn’t. 他假装喜欢我们，但其实并不喜欢。

注意：介词一般接动名词作宾语，但是 except, but, besides 三个介词却习惯上要动词不定式作宾语。如：

they are talking about building a bridge over the river. 他们在讨论在河上修建一座桥的问题。

they helped the farmers to the fields besides to get in their crops. 他们除了帮助农民们收割庄稼外还帮助农民们犁田。

一、用法归纳。

有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。如allow, permit(允许), consider(考虑), suggest, advice(建议), keep(on)(反复；不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise(练习), understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(错过；怀念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅), dislike(厌恶), discuss(讨论), report(报道), admit(承认), mind(介意), risk(冒险), can’t stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然开始), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), delay, put off(推迟), give up(放弃), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得)等。

二、考题分析。

1. do you mindalone at home? (上海卷)

a. jane le**ingb. jane h**ing left

c. jane’s being leftd. jane to be left

分析】答案选c。mind后只能接-ing形式，且jane与le**e是被动关系。

2. the squirrel was so lucky that it just missed全国卷)

a. catchingb. to be caught

c. being caughtd. to catch

分析】答案选c。miss后只能接动名词，且it(the squirrel)与catch是被动关系。

3. i would appreciateback this afternoon. (全国卷 )

a. you to callb. you call

c. your callingd. you’re calling

分析】答案选c。appreciate后只能接动名词，your是其逻辑主语。

4. —what do you think of the book?

oh, excellent. it’s wortha second time. (全国卷)

a. to read b. to be read

c. reading d. being read

分析】答案选c。在be worth后只能接doing，且用主动形式表示被动含义。

5. the man insisteda taxi for me even though i told him i lived nearby. (江苏卷)

a. find b. to find

c. on findingd. in finding

分析】答案选c。insist后接that从句，或者接on sth. 或on doing sth. ,没有别的接法。insist on doing坚持要做某事。(from

6. he has always insisted on hisdr turner instead of mr. turner. (上海卷)

a. been calledb. called

c. h**ing calledd. being called

分析】答案选d。在insist on后只能接-ing形式。

习惯上只接动名词作宾语的动词有。如：

admit 承认 advise 建议。

allow 允许 appreciate 感激。

**oid 避免 consider 考虑

初中英语语法

初中英语语法

初中英语语法

初中英语语法

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