高一英语语法（一）
句型结构和句子种类。
本讲主要内容】
语法（一）句型结构和句子种类。
知识总结归纳】
一。陈述句肯定式的五种基本句型：
主语+连系动词。
表语。the boy looks felt a little tired.
常见的系动词：feel,smell,taste,sound,seem,appear,look,get,become,fall,turn,keep, remain可以作表语的成分：名词，代词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，从句等。
2.主语。不及物动词。
the film began at 7:00 o’clock.
the sun is rising.常见不及物动词： come, go, die, cry, laugh, smile,sit, stand, run, jump, lie, rise,belong,live, tr**el, fall, disappear, study, snow,wait, sleep.
3.主语。及物动词+宾语。
he is reading the news***** had a meeting yesterday afternoon.
可以作宾语的成分：名词，代词，不定式，动名词，宾语从句。
he loved poetry.
i can’t express myself in english.
he decided to study hard.
i remembered posting the letter.
i don’t know where he lives.
4.主语。及物动词。
间接宾语。直接宾语。
his father bought him a bike on his pass me the salt.常见的可以带双宾语的动词：give, throw, pass,lend , find, send, hand
5.主语。及物动词。
宾语。宾语补足语。
he left the door words made the teacher very angry.几种常见句型：(1)
形容词作补语。
he found the room pushed the door open.
名词作补语。
they called their daughter mary.
we consider him a wise leader.
介词短语作补语。
they soon got the fire under put his books in order.
不定式作补语。
what do you advise me to teacher asked the students to hand in their homework.
现在分词作补语。
i saw her talking with the headmaster watched the sun setting behind the trees.
过去分词作补语。
i had the photo developed kept his eyes shut.
二。疑问句。
一般疑问句：用yes或。
no来回答的疑问句，答句通常是简略的。
基本结构：1)谓语是。
to be, to h**e以及助动词和情态动词的，放在主语之前。
are you a teacher?h**e you an english-chinese dictionary?can you do me a f**or?
(2)除此之外的任何行为动词，在主语前用助动词。
do, does, did ,动词用原形。
do you like american food?
did your friends attend your birthday party yesterday?
does he go to work by bus?
特殊疑问句：
就句中某一成分提问的句子，答语不能用简略回答，而要求具体回答。
基本结构：1）疑问词作宾语，表语，定语，状语时，用疑问词+一般疑问句的语序。
where did you go yesterday?how long h**e you been like this?when does the train le**e?
疑问词。who,what,which,whose作主语，或疑问词。
what,which,whose,howmany ,how much等作定语修饰主语时，用陈述句的语序。
who is reading in the reading room?how many students are there in the classroom?
3)选择疑问句：用以连接两个答案，以供选择，答句必须是完整的。
were you born in beijing or shanghai?
is your father a teacher or a doctor?
which one is better, this one or that one?
4）反意疑问句：在陈述句之后，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问。
如果陈述句是肯定的，反意问句就是否定的，如果陈述句是否定的，反意问句就是肯定的。反意问句中的人称，动词以及时态要和陈述句保持一致。
he is a boy, isn’t he ?
yes, he is
no, he isn’t
you don’t come from the usa, do you ?
yes, i do.
no, i don’t.
jim works hard, doesn’t he?
yes, he does.
no, he doesn’t.
there are some books on the desk , aren’t there?
yes, there are.
no, there aren’t.
三。感叹句。
表示惊讶，赞美，快乐或愤慨等感情的句子。
感叹句的句性型：
whatwhat + a
单数可数名词。
主语。be !what +可数名词复数/
不可数名词。
主语＋be !
2. how
how +形容词／副词。
主语。谓语动词！
how +形容词。
a单数可数名词。
主语。 be !
what a clever boy he is!
what beautiful flowers they are!
what exciting news it is!
how interesting the movie is!
how interesting a movie it is !
中考点拨】【题型展示】
___from beijing to london!a. how long way it is
b. what a long way is itc. how long way is it
d. what a long way it is
本题应选。d，这是一个感叹句。
john was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes
a. open
b. to be openedc. to open
d. opening
本题应选。a, open在这里是形容词做宾语补语。
she isn’t a dancing teacher, is she ?-
a. no, she is
b. no, but her sister isc. yes, she isn’t
d. yes, i think so本题应选b,这是反意疑问句的回答，注意它的回答要前后一致。
none of the food was wasted,__
a. wasn’t it
b. was itc. were they
d. didn’t it
本题应选b,这是反意疑问句，陈述句部分含有一个表示否定的词none,所以后半部分用肯定。
it’s a fine day, let’s go fishing ,_
a. won’t
web. doesn’t she
c. don’t we
d. shall we?本题应选，这道题是祈使句的反意疑问句，let’s表示一种邀请的语气，它的反意疑问句用。
shall we .
terrible weather we’ve been h**ing these days!
a. how a
b. what a
c. how
d. what本题应选。
d,因为。weather为不可数名词，所以不能加。a.
___joyful he was to meet his mother again!a. how
b. how ac. what a
d. what本题应选。
a, how在这里用来感叹形容词。
joyful.
you mustn’t tell it to your mother
a. mustn’t you
b. must you
c. do you
d. will you本题应选d，这道题是反意疑问句，mustn’t是一种禁止的语气，它的反意疑问句应该用。
will you.
实战模拟】1. the musician was so
her music that he keptsaying, “
you played.”
a. pleased with,how
b. pleased with,what
c. pleased to,how
d. pleased at,how
2. we find
very important for us to master a least one foreign language.
a. that
b. itc. this
d. it was
3. there used to be a church behind the cemetery,__
a. didn’t there
b. used there
c. usedn’t it
d. didn’t it
useful information we h**e got!
a. what
b. what a
c. how
d. how an
5. did you smell something
a. burning
b. burned
c. burn
d. to burn
6. you had to wait a long time for the bus,__
a. hadn’t you
b. didn’t you
c. had you
d. couldn’t you
7. pass me the book,__
a. will you
b. do you
youd. shall you
listen! his family must be quarrelling,__
a. mustn’t they
b. mustn’t it
c. aren’t they
d. don’t they参***。
abaaabac
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