第二页：“情态动词+完成式”
第三页：常见的情态动词。
第四页：例题答案。
一、情态动词表推测。
1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。
①helen __go on the trip with us but she isn't quite sure yet. （2023年安徽卷）
a. shall b. must c. may d. can
②—i've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.
—it __harry's. he always wears green. （2023年广东卷）
a. has to be b. will be c. mustn't be d. could be
③i h**e lost one of my gloves. i __it somewhere.（2023年北京春季卷）
a. must drop b. must h**e dropped
c. must be dropping d. must h**e been dropped
④if i __plan to do anything i wanted to ,i'd like to go to tibet and tr**el through as much of it as possible. （2023年湖北卷）
a. would b. could c. had to d. ought to
2. 否定推测分为两种情况：
1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。
you might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers __not like the design of the furniture. （2023年上海春季卷）
a. must b. shall c. may d. need
2）否定语气较强时，则用can't，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感**彩。
①—do you know where d**id is? i couldn't find him anywhere.
—well. he __h**e gone far——his coat's still here.（2023年湖北卷）
a. shouldn't b. mustn't c. can't d. wouldn't
②— isn't that ann's husband over there?
— no, it __be him i'm sure he doesn't wear glasses. （2023年全国卷ⅰ）
a. can't b. must not c. won't d. may not
3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。
mr. bush is on time for everything. how __it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？
（2023年上海春季卷）
a. can b. should c. may d. must
4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。
①i was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. they __at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2023年重庆卷）
a. should h**e been doing b. must h**e been doing
c. could h**e done d. would h**e done
②he __h**e completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by seaside. （2023年北京卷）
a. should b. must c. wouldn't d. can't
③—tom is never late for work. why is be absent today?
—somethingto him. （2023年江西卷）
a. must happen b. should h**e happened
c. could h**e happened d. must h**e happened
④ my sister met him at the grand theatre yesterday afternoon, so he___h**e attended your lecture.（2023年上海卷）
a. couldn't b. needn't c. mustn't d. shouldn't
二、“情态动词+完成式”
1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
①—i'll tell mary about her new job tomorrow.
— you___her last week. （2023年福建卷）
a. ought to tell b. would h**e told
c. must tell d. should h**e told
②oh, i'm not feeling well in the stomach, i __so much fried chicken just now. （2023年上海春季卷）
a. shouldn't eat b. mustn't h**e eaten
c. shouldn't h**e eaten d. mustn't eat
2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。
he paid for a seat, when he __h**e entered free. （2023年山东卷）
a. could b. would c. must d. need
3. “needn't+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：
you needn't h**e watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。
— catherine, i h**e cleaned the room for you.
— thanks. you __it. i could manage it myself. （2023年福建卷）
a. needn't do b. needn't h**e done c. mustn't do d. shouldn't h**e done
三、常见的情态动词。
1. shall用于。
一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于。
二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
①“the interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2023年重庆卷）
a. may b. should c. must d. shall
②—excuse me, but i want to use your computer to type a report.
— you __h**e my computer if you don't take care of it. （2023年湖南卷）
a. shan't b. might not c. needn't d. shouldn't
③ —the room is so dirty. _we clean it?
— of course. （2023年北京春季卷）
a. will b. shall c. would d. do
2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感**彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustn't表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。
①john, look at the timeyou play the piano at such a late hour？ （2023年全国卷ⅲ）
a. must b. can c. may d. need
②tom, you le**e all your clothes on the floor like this！（2023年全国ⅰ）
a. wouldn't b. mustn't c. needn't d. may not
3. needn't表示“没有必要”。
— lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary.
— she __i've already borrowed one. （2023年湖南卷）
a. can't b. mustn't c. needn't d. shouldn't
4. would表示过去反**生的动作或某种倾向。
when he was there, he __go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（2023年上海卷）
a. would b. should c. had better d. might
5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。
the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __get out. （2023年全国卷）
a. had to b. would c. was able to d. could
6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况。
①—write to me when you get home.
2023年北京春季卷）
a. i must b. i should c. i will d. i can
② —could i call you by your first name？
—yes, you2023年上海卷）
a. will b. could c. may d. might
巩固练习：1. michael __be a policeman, for he is much too short.
a. needn't b. can't c. should d. may
2. i told sally how to get here, but perhaps i __for her.
a. had to write it out b. must h**e written it out
c. should h**e written it out d. ought to write it out
3. jack __yet, otherwise he would h**e telephoned me.
a. mustn't h**e arrived b. shouldn't h**e arrived
c. can't h**e arrived d. needn't h**e arrived
4. sir, you __be sitting in this waiting room. it is for women and children only.
a. mustn't b. can't c. won't d. needn't
5. a left-luggage office is a place where bags __be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
a. should b. can c. must d. will
6. —is john coming by train?
— he should, but he __not. he likes driving his car.
a. must b. can c. need d. may
7. it has been announced that candidates __remain in their seats until all the *****s h**e been collected.
a. can b. will c. may d. shall
8. you can't imagine that a well-beh**ed gentleman __be so rude to a lady.
a. might b. need c. should d. would
9. —don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow
a. i don't b. i won't c. i can't d. i h**en't
10. i didn't see her in the meeting-room this morning. she___at the meeting.
a. mustn't h**e spoken b. shouldn't h**e spoken
c. needn't h**e spoken d. couldn't h**e spoken
例题答案。key: c d b b key: c key: c a key：a key: b b d a key: d c
key：a key: b key: d a b key: a b key: c key: a
key：c key：c c
练习答案与解析。
1. b 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，needn't意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。
2. c 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。
3. c 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打**了”可知“jack肯定还没到”，“can't+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。
4. a 从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn't表示“禁止，不准”。
5. b can在此表示许可。
6. d 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测，can not的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。
7. d shall用于第。
二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。
8. c should在此表示惊讶的感**彩，意思是“竟然”。
9. b 对祈使句的肯定回答用i will；否定回答用i won't。
10. d 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”，所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can't/couldn't h**e done形式。
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