◆英语谚语欣赏。
1. he who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.
2. god helps those who help themselves.
3. he that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.
4. a friend is someone who knows all about you and still loves you.
5. he laughs best who laughs last.
一、概念：1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在后面。
2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为或。
3) 引导定语从句的词叫分为和。
关系词的作用：
1) 连接作用：引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个___
2) 代之作用：代替先行词，相当于一个。
3) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）
关系代词。在从句中作。
关系副词在从句中作。
the student who answered the question was john.
i know the reason why he was so angry.
the boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.
i'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
二、关系代词的基本用法：
that: 可指___或___在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于___或 __指物时，相当于一般不用于定语从句； 不可置于___后作宾语) 如：
1. a letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.
2. do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?
3. you can take anything ( that) you like.
4. what is the question (that/which) they are talking about?
5. here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.
6. she's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.
which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：
1. the book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.
2. the book (which/that) i bought yesterday is very interesting.
3. the factory in which his father works is far from here.
4. he was proud, which his brother never was.
who, whom, whose:
who: 主格， 在从句中作在口语或非正式用法中作___只可指___
whom: 宾格，在从句中作___只可指___
whose: 属格，在从句中作可指___也可指___
i like the students who/that work hard.
all who heard the story were amazed.
chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor.
a child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
i'd like a room whose window faces south.
介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句。
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词＋关系代词引导。
1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
2) the schoolhe once studied is very famous.
3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazineyou asked.
5) we’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we h**e often
talked about.
6) we’ll go to hear the famous singerwe h**e often talked.
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用不可用___或者指物时用不能用关系代词是所有格时用。
1) the man withyou talked is my friend.
2) the plane inwe flew to canada is very comfortable.
3. “介词＋关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each,few等代词或者数词。
1) he loved his parents deeply, both ofare very kind to him.
2) in the basket there are quite many apples, some ofh**e gone bad.
3) there are forty students in our class in all, most ofare from big cities.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句：
when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）
he came last night when i was out.
we will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.
where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.
this is the place where i was born.
i live in the room where /in which he used to live.
why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代。如：
the reason why / for which he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.
注意：i still remember the daymy brother joined the army.
next monthyou will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.
i still remember the dayswe spent together.
next winteryou'll spend in harbin, i'm sure, will be exciting.
this is the factoryhe worked last year.
this is the parkthey visited last year.
h**e you asked him the reasonmay explain his success?
四、其它特殊形式的定语从句。
当先行词为way时，定语从句常用或可以省略。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用或引导。如：
this is the wayi do such things.
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