2024年高考英语难点37讲。
难点8 亦有规律可循的介词。
介词用法比较复杂，但亦有规律可循。
●难点磁场。
1his wife，his daughter also went to see him.
for (nmet1986)
2.(★what are you doing?
—i’m looking___the should be back for lunch now.
(nmet1986)
3.(★the doctor will be free
a.10 minutes 10 minutes 10 minutes d.10 minutes after
nmet1992)
4.(★we offered him our congratulations___his passing the college entrance exams.
(nmet1993)
5.(★how long has this bookshop been in business?
(nmet1994)
6.(★did you h**e trouble___the post office?
h**e found finding finding
nmet1992)
7.(★what do you want to do __those old boxes?
—to put things in when i move to the new flat. (北京2002)
8.(★the train le**es at 6:00 p m.
so i h**e to be at the station___5:40pm. at the latest.
(nmet1997)
●案例**。
1.__production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
(nmet2000)
命题意图：本题根据句意和结构考查介词用法，属于五星级题目。
知识依托：“with+复合宾语”结构。
错解分析：四个选项均为介词，有一定迷惑性。
解题方法与技巧：句中“with+名词（宾语）+副词（宾补）”结构作状语表示原因。例如：
tian an men looks grander than ever with all lights on.在华灯掩映下，天安门显得更加雄伟壮观。
答案：chome improvements h**e taken what little there is __my spare time.
(nmet2001)
命题意图：考查介词of的用法，属于五星级题目。
知识依托：little of my spare time.意思是“仅有的业余时间”。
错解分析：b项迷惑性较大，受 in one’s spare time短语影响。
解题方法与技巧：of在此表示“……中的部分/全部”，与名词little连用。该句为一个含有感叹式宾语从句的主从复合句，连接代词what修饰的是在从句中作主语的名词，little提到从句之首，little前无冠词表示否定，意为“少到几乎没有”，如：
i understand little of his speech.他的讲话我几乎没有听懂。
答案：c●锦囊妙计。
介词比较复杂，注意以下表示原因的介词。
①because of表示引起结果的直接原因，意义与连词because相同。例如：
he retired last month because of illness/because he was ill.上个月他因病退休了。
②for表示内在的、心理上的原因，常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感名词连用；还可表示某种动作或结果的起因。而连词for则表示某种结果的补充理由或显而易见的原因。
例如：he trembled for fear.他怕发抖。
thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。
when he was still a young man,he was forced to le**e his homeland for political reasons.他还是青年时就因为政治原因离开了他的祖国。
③by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。例如：
her body was bent by age.岁月使得他的腰也弯了。
the general died by his own hand.将军自杀了。
she took your umbrella by mistake.她错拿了你的雨伞。
④at表示某种情绪或动作的起因，多与“喜，怒，哀，乐”等义的词连用，常译作“听到……”看到……”例如：
the whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news.听到这个消息，全国人民极为悲痛。
he jumped at the news.听到这个消息，他蹦了起来。
⑤on表示能作为依据或条件的原因，常译为“依照……”例如：
he has given up smoking on medical advice.他遵照医生的劝告已经把烟戒了。
⑥of和from表原因时常与die或类似意义的词连用。die of指因疾病、饥饿、寒冷，或害怕、羞愧等内因或外因造成的死亡结果；die from表示因伤、事故等外因或不明原因造成的死亡。与疾病名词连用时，二者均可。
from还可表示懒惰等造成某种后果的原因。例如：
his son h**ing been killed in the war,the man died of a broken heart.儿子死于战争后，老人也因伤心过度而亡。
in big cities during cold winter months,many old people die from the polluted air.寒冷的冬天，大城市里的许多老人死于污染的空气。
she died of /from cancer. 她死于癌症。
he wasn’t ill;he stayed in bed from laziness.他没病，他躺在床上只是偷懒。
⑦with指生理上或情感上的外界到内心的原因，意为“随着……。例如：gessler turned red with anger.盖斯勒气得脸都红了。
⑧owing to,相当于because of，多表示引起某种不良后果的原因。例如：
owing to the rain they could not come.都是因为那场雨他们才没能来。
owing to his lacking of experience,john failed this time.因为经验不足，这次约翰又失败了。
注：owing to也可表示“欠……钱”之意。how much is he owing to you?他欠你多少钱？
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