高一升高二讲义。
lesson eight
一、 自测单词和短语（汉译英、英译汉）
二、 语法——现在完成时。
1. 现在完成时的概念：
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
表示过去发生的动作延续到现在结束(常和already, since, yet, for，before, so far等连用)
2. 现在完成时态的结构。
h**e /has (助动词)+done(过去分词)
3. 动词怎么变过去分词。
1) 一般情况下， 加-ed，如：play-played, cook-cooked
2) 以e结尾的， 直接加d，如：use-uesd
3) 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后一个字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5) 不规则动词（见讲义）
例如：i h**e had my lunch.
he has seen the film. so he won’t go with us.
说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：
i h**e already finished my homework.
i h**en’t finished my homework yet. h**e you finished your homework yet?
现在完成时可以和表示时间的词连用，如for+时间段、since+过去的时间。例如：
my uncle has worked at this factory for five years.
mr. black has lived in china since 2002.
现在完成时既可以和瞬间动词（come, go, le**e, arrive, join, start, begin, die等）连用，也可以和延续性动词（eat，run, wait, wash, sit等）连用。
如：i h**e come.
i h**e run for 20 minutes.
练习1：单项选择。
1、both his parents look sad. maybe they __what's happened to him.
a. knew b. h**e known c. must know d. will know
2、the famous writer __one new book in the past two years .
ａ. is writing ｂ.was writing ｃ.wrote ｄ.has written
3、h**e you met mr. li __
. just ｂ.ago ｃ.before ｄ.a moment ago
4、—how long h**e you __hereabout two months .
ａ. been ｂ.gone ｃ.come ｄ.arrived
5、—our country __a lot so far .
yes. i hope it will be even __
ａ. has changed ; well ｂ.changed ; good
. has changed ; better ｄ.changed; better
6、—_you __your homework yet ?—yes. i __it a moment ago.
.did; do; finishedh**e; done; finished
.h**e; done; h**e finished ｄ.will; do; finish
7、we __xiao li since she was a little girl .
ａ. know ｂ.had known ｃ.h**e known ｄ.knew
8、harry potter is a very nice film. i __twice.
ａ. will see ｂ.h**e seen ｃ.saw ｄ.see
9、—these farmers h**e been to the united states .
—really? when __there ?
ａ. will they go ｂ.did they go ｃ.do they goh**e they gone
10、zhou lang __already __in this school for two years .
. was ; studying ｂ.will ; study ｃ.has ; studied ｄ.are; studying
11、 his father __the party since 1998 .
ａ.joined ｂ.has join ｃ.was in ｄ.has been in
12、—do you know him well ? sure .we __friends since ten years ago .
ａ. were ｂ.h**e beenh**e becomeh**e made
13、he has __been to shanghai, has he ?
. already ｂ.never ｃ.ever ｄ.still
14、hurry up! the playfor ten minutes .
ａ. has begun ｂ.had begun ｃ.has been on ｄ.began
15、 it __ten years since he left the army .
. is ｂ.has ｃ.will ｄ.was
16、 miss green isn't in the office. she___to the library.
ａ.has gone ｂ.went ｃ.will go ｄ.has been
17、my parents __shandong for ten years.
ａ. h**e been in ｂ.h**e been to ｃ.h**e gone to ｄ.h**e been
18、the students h**e cleaned the classroom, _
a. so they b. don’t they c. h**e they d. h**en’t they
19、__has mr. white been a member of greener china since he___to china?
a. how soon, comes b. how often, got
c. how long, camed. how far, arrived
20、 his unclefor more than 9 years.
a. has come here b. has started to work
c. has lived thered. has left the university
练习2：句型转换。
1、he has never surfed改成附加疑问句）
2、they h**e been here since 2001. (划线提问)
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