1）构成：现在完成时由助动词h**e + 过去分词构成，助动词h**e 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用h**e.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式疑问式。
i h**e not (h**en’t) studied…. h**e i studied…?
you h**e not (h**en’t) studied…. h**e you studied…?
he has not (hasn’t) studied…. has he studied…?
否定疑问式简单回答（肯定/否定）
h**e i not (h**en’t i) studied…? yes, you h**e. no, you h**en’t.
h**e you not (h**en’t you) studied…? yes, i h**e. no, i h**en’t.
has he not (hasn’t he) studied…? yes, he has. no, he hasn’t.
2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
my daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
i’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
she has arrived. 她到了。
2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
i h**en’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
we h**en’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
they h**e been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
she has been with us since monday.
注意：a)since和for的区别。
since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time i got there
for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
b）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, le**e, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
he has come here for 2 weeks. ×
the old man has died for 4 months. ×
they h**e left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句话可以改为：
he has been here for 2 weeks.
the old man hasfor 4 months.
they h**eonly for 5 minutes
c）区别：h**e been to, h**e gone to, h**e been in
h**e been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了。
h**e gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中。
h**e been in指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在。
3）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when i came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：
she has already come. 她已经来了。
i h**en’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
i h**e met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
ma hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
i h**e often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
they h**e never been to yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
i h**en't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
1、b 2、b 3、c 4、d 5、c
6、c 7、c 8、b。 9、b。 10、b
11、d。 12、b 13、a 14、c 15、a。
16、a。17、a 18、d 19、c 20、c
汉译英。1、jim has finished doing his homework already. he is free now.
2、he received a letter yesterday.
3、my father has been to the great wall before.
4、she hasn't seen the new film yet.
5、she has been to shanghai.
6、where has he been these days？
一、典型例题
） he arrived at the bus stop, the bus __for 20 minutes.
a. has left b. had left c. has been away d. had been away
）2. i __the league for 5 years so far.
a. joined b. h**e joined c. h**e been in
） factory __since the february of 1988.
a . has been open b. has opened c. was open d. opened
） and rose __friends since they met in 2000.
a. h**e made b. h**e been c. maded. h**e become
） mustn't___until he comes back.
a. be away b. le**e c. be left
） meeting __for a week now.
a. has finished b. has ended c. has been over
） gao __this school for nearly 5 years.
a. has been in b. has come to c. has taught
） a teacher for 4 years.
a. has been b. has become c. was d. became
）9. i __home for a week.
a. h**e returned b. h**e been back c. returned
）10. how long __he
a. diedb. has, died c. has, been dead
）11. he __at eight yesterday afternoon.
a. slept b. was sleeping c. has sleep d. had slept
） car for a week.
a. bought b. has bought c. has had
）13.--how long __you __ill ?
two weeks.
a. did fall b. h**e, fell c. h**e, been
） 2000, he __his hometown.
a. has left b. has moved away c. has been away from
）'ll lend you the book , but you can only __it for 2 days.
a. borrow b. keepc. take
二、课后练习。
单项选择]（ ）1、both his parents look sad. maybe they __what's happened to him.
a. knew b. h**e known c. must know d. will know
）2、he hasbeen to shanghai, has he ?
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