1.不定冠词的基本用法：
(1)表示数量“一”，相当于“one”。i’ll return in a day or two。
(2)表示“同一”，相当于“the same”。the children are of an age。
(3)表示泛指或类指，指人或事物的某一个、某一类。如：
he wants to he a doctor./ a horse is a useful animal。
(4)用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：
we h**e meals three times a day。(我们一天吃三餐。)
(5)用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个，相当于“a certain”。如：
a mr. smith is asking to see you. (一位李先生要见你。)
(6)与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用，表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵……”如： a surprise一件令人惊讶的事；a success一个(件)成功的人(事);a green tea一种绿茶；a he**y rain一场(阵)大雨。
(7)用在某些固定词组中。如：
①h**e a swim/walk/talk/dance/look =swim/walk/talk/dance/look
②h**e a cold, h**e a good time, keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while, once upon a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a f**our, at a distance, h**e a good knowledge of, as a matter of fact
2.定冠词的基本用法：
(1)表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：i h**e bought a book. the book is very useful。
(2)用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：close the window, please。
(3)用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。
(4)用于表示方位的名词之前。如：in the east, on the right。
(5)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest。
(6)用于形容词之前，使其名词化，表示一类人。如：the sick, the wounded。
(7)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the united states, the united nation。
(8) 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the changjiang river, the east lake。
(9)用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：the smiths。
(10)用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin。
(11)用于表示单位的名词前。如：by the day(month)按日(月)，by the yard(foot)按码。
(12)用于年代、朝代、时代名词前。如：in the 1970s, the tang dynasty。
(13) 用于某些固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening)， on the other hand , at the same time。
3.不用冠词的情况：
(1)不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。如：china , america, smith。
(2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。如：
i like this picture; einstein’s theory proved to be correct。
(3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。如：
march, may day, national day, children’s day, women’s day，h**e supper
(4)呼语前不用冠词。如：what shall i do next, mother?
(5)表示独一无二的头衔职务、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，一般不加冠词。如：we elected him president of our university。
(6)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。如：
do you study physics?
he likes playing football/chess。
(7)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。如：
they are peasants/ workers。
(8)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。如：
by car, by bus, by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land
四、注意事项。
在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。
go to school 去上学 in hospital 住院(因病)
go to the school 去学校 in the hospital在医院(工作、参观等)
in front of在前面，指某物体之外 in charge负责，主管。
in the front of在前部，指某物之内 in the charge由……负责。
out of question没问题。
out of the question不可能。
1. —what are you going to be when you grow up?
i hope to beartist when i grow up.
a. a b. an
c. the d. /
2. —are youchinese or american?
chinese. but i was brought up in new york.
a. an b. /
c. the d. one
3. —how far is it from your school toamusement park?
it istwo-kilometer walk from here.
a. the; a b. /an
c. the; an d. /a
4. antonia isamerican girl. she studies inuniversity in changsha.
a. the; a b. a; a
c. an; a d. an; an
5. —h**e you gote-mail address?
oh yes. mine is
a. a b. an
c. the d. /
6. —h**e you seenmagazine? i left it here a moment ago.
is it___new english magazine? i saw it was taken away by bruce.
a. a; a b. a; an c. a; the d. the; the
7. —how do you get home fromby bike?
no, i walkisn’t very far.
a. school; school b. the school; the school
c. the school; school d. school; the school
8. when he was___small pupil, bill gates was always trying out new ideas.
a. a b. an c. the d. /
9. —did you enjoy your stay in guangzhou?
yes. we hadwonderful time in the white clouds hill.
a. a b. an c. the d. /
10. jim is good atpiano. he does well infootball, too.
a. playing, playing b. playing, playing the
c. playing the, to play d. playing the, playing
11. there’s __apple tree in front of __house.
a. anb. the, the the d. a, the
12. it takes ushour or more to go to my hometown bytrain.
a. an, a b. a, an c. an, /d. a, /
13. we can’t see __sun atnight.
a. a, /b. a, the c. the, /d. the, the
14. —where is tom? —he’s h**ingrest over there.
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