代词讲解与练习

发布 2021-05-14 09:26:28 阅读 1089

三.代词:

定义:为了避免重复而用来代替名词的词,多数代词有名词和形容词的功能。

1.代词的作用

严格地讲,代词是代替名词的,在句子中起名词的作用,可用作:

1)主语例如: this is our new homewho is on the phone?

2)宾语例如: take good care of yourself. we should help each other.

3)表语例如: that’s not minewho is it? —it’s me.

4)同位语例如: we both live in the dormitory. he ate them all.

5)呼语例如: be patient, everybody.

i. 代词可以分为以下七大类:

一,人称代词

1)人称代词的主格在句子中充当主语

例如: i am studying english nowwe love our country.

如果有几个人称代词并列充当主语,它们的顺序是:

单数形式 you, he and i复数形式 we, you and they

2)人称代词的宾语在句子中充当宾语、介词宾语或表语。

例如: can you help us? we are waiting for them. who is there? it’s me.

二)物主代词

物主代词用来表示人和物之间的所有关系,这类代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,并有不同的人称和单复数之分。

2.形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的主要用法区别

1)形容词性物主代词不能独立使用,只作定语,用来修饰后面的名词。

例如: my parents are both doctors. we saw a film yesterday. its name was speed.

2)名词性物主代词应独立使用,后面不跟名词,相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,它们在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。

例如: is this her pen? no, hers is red. (主语)

let’s clean their room first, and then clean ours. (宾语) these letters are his.(表语)

三)反身代词

反身代词用来表示反射或强调。

1.反身代词的形式

2.反身代词的用法

1)在句子中作宾语,表示动作回射到动作的执行者本身。

例如: my grandmother is too old to look after herself.

lei feng was always ready to help others, he never thought of himself.

2)在句中作名词或代词的同位语,用来加强语气,常可译为“亲自”、“本人”等。在这种情况下,反身代词可以紧跟名词或代词之后,也可以放到句末。

例如: we ourselves will build the factory.

3)teach / help / enjoy /hurt oneself ….

四)指示代词

指示代词是表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词,如:this, that, these, those等。英语中指示代词的用法同汉语中的情况相似。

this和these一般用来指较近的事物,that和those则指较远的事物。

指示代词可以充当句子中的主语、定语、宾语或表语。

例如: this is a difficult question. that basketball isn’t ours. do you like these?

五)不定代词

不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。

1.不定代词有以下形式:

some, somebody, someone, something, any, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing, all, both, neither, none, either, each, everybody, everyone, everything, other, another, much ,one

2.不定代词在句子中的作用:

1)作主语例如: everyone has come. let’s begin. both of his parents are doctors. 。

one is the teacher, the others are students.

2)作宾语例如:this one is too small, please show me another. please introduce me to the others.

3)作表语例如: that’s all for todayit’s too much for me.

some和any

some 一些。多用于肯定句,可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。

1) 当做"某一"解时,也可与单数名词连用。

you will be sorry for this some day. some person has seen you break the rule.

2)some可用于否定句,表示部分否定。

如:i h**en‘t heard from some of my old friends these years.

any 一些。多用于否定句,疑问句和条件状语从句中。

i don’t h**e any money with me. is there any bookshops near here?

1)some和any 的区别。

a.some常用于肯定句,any多用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句,两者都可以代替可数或不可数名词。

例如: some say yes and some say no. i don’t like any of them. does any of them know this?

b:在以would, should, could开头的期望对方做出肯定回答疑问句中不定代词要用some,不用any。

例如: would you like some of the tickets?

c.在强调“任何一个”意思的时候,any也可用于肯定句。

例如: you can take any of the news*****s here. here are three novels. you may read any.

one, both, all

one:指一。 作定语,表语,主语或宾语。可以指人或物,表示“一个” 的意思。复数为ones, 指人时所有格为one’s 反身代词是oneself。

this is not one i wanti h**e only one.

注意:one\ones 可以和that, this, these, those, the, which等连用代替上文中提到的名词,以免重复。

here are three pens, which one is yours, this one or that one in the pencil-box .

both: 都,指两者。作定语,宾语,主语或同位语。

we both (all) can speak english. both of us are not students.

a. both 与复数名词连用,但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。

b. both, 位于行为动词前, be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前。

who can speak japanese? we both (all) canwe are both students

c:作adj. 时位于the, these, those, my, your等限定词之前,后加复数名词。

both these toys are made of woodboth the boys are tall.

d: both 用于否定句表示部分否定。表示完全否定时用neither.

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