高考英语语法专题热点**二动词的时态及语态
题记 --判断动词的时态不能只死记时态的用法规则。一定要通过上、下文设置的语境，题目所提供的附加信息，进行推理判断，排除干扰信息，从而得出正确答案。
例1. i __play) ping-pang quite well, but i h**en’t had time to play since the new year.
注：句中没有明确的时间状语，但从整个语境分析，“球打得好”这一概念是“没有时间限制的客观存在”，须用一般现在时。注意本题不能受but分句用完成时的影响。
例2. -you h**en’t said a word about my new coat, brenda. do you like it?
---i’m sorry i didn’t say anything about it sooner. i certainly think it’s pretty on you.
注：本句的意思为“布恩达，你还没有就我的新外套说句话呢，你喜欢吗？”“对不起，我没有及早地说，它穿在你身上当然漂亮。
”句中的sooner是关键词，但更应该通过上、下文得知“没有及早的说”这一动作是过去时。
考点一：现在完成时。
现在完成时是“过去的动作对现在的影响或目前为止的经验”。 重点提示：
1. 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态；
i h**en’t met her since then.
2. 在时间或条件状语从句中表示在将来某个时间之前要完成某个动作。
i’ll return the magazine to you as soon as i h**e finished it.
3. 现在完成时标志词：so far, recently, lately, ever, by now, in the past few days, just, already, before, over a long time, yet, since --for --this week, this morning 等。
4. this is the first time that i h**e surfed the internet.
this is the best cell phone that i h**e ever bought.
考点二：一般过去时。
一般过去时主要表示在过去某一时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。 重点提示：
1. 在条件、时间、让步等状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来。
she told me she wouldn’t le**e until you came back.
2. 从时态的概念去理解时态所体现的意义，排除汉语潜意识的影响，从而使用正确的动词形式。例：
-- hey, look where you are going !
-- oh, i’m terribly sorry. i wasn’t noticing.
注：这里的“我没意识到”是“刚才一会儿之前”，因此用过去时。
考点三：进行时。
进行时所体现出来的是“某一点或某一时间段进行的动作或状态”，这一时态具有。
进行性、暂时性、未完成性”的特点重点提示：
1. 表示反**生的动作，常与always, constantly, all the time等连用，表示说话人的不满，抱怨，等。
she’s constantly le**ing things about. 他总是丢三落四。
2. 一些表示位置移动的词，如come, go, le**e, stay, start, take, arrive等常用进行时态表示将来的动作。
he is arriving soon.
例1： jane was writing a book about china last year but i don’t know whether she has finished it.
注：“去年这一时间段”内写书，从下文看“不知是否写完”符合进行时的概念特征和三个特点。
例2： since i won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. people __to ask how i am going to spend the money.
a. phoneb. will phone c. were phoning d. are phoning
考点四：过去完成时。
对于过去完成时这一时态，一定要从上、下文找出参照时间，参照动词以证明动作发生在“过去的过去”。
the news came as no surprise to me. i __know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down.
注：句中横线部分用过去完成时是因为这一动作发生在参照动词came之前。
☆ 对于被动语态，弄清主语与谓语动词的关系是做题的关键；另外，注意英语中一些词汇常用被动语态的形式来表示某种状态。
例：be seated, be lost, be devoted, be dressed, be worn out 等。
典题精练：1. all morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness___
a. has grown b. is growing c. grewd. had grown
2. -hi, mary. it’s nice to see you.
---i __coming to visit you but too much work prevented me from doing so.
a. had thought of b. thought of c. h**e been thought of d. h**e thought of
3. unfortunately, when i dropped in, professor smith __so we only had time for a few words.
a. has just left b. had just left c. just left d. was just le**ing
4. -you __to go, but why aren’t you getting ready?
---i didn’t realize that you __us to start at once.
a. agreed; had wanted b. h**e agreed; wanted c. would agree; would want d. agree; want
5. when the old man __to walk back to his house, the sun __itself behind the mountain.
a. started; had already hidden b. had started; had already hidden
c. had started; was hidingd. was starting; hid
6. we __at six o’clock, and hope __most of journey by lunch time.
a. are le**ing; to h**e done b. are le**ing; to do c.
left; to h**e done d. le**e; to be doing
7. because the shop __all the t-shirts are sold at half price.
a. has closed down b. closed down c. is closing down d. had closed down
8. -is this raincoat yours?
---no, mine __there behind the door.
a. hangsb. has hung c. is hanging d. hung
9. -if the traffic hadn’t been so he**y, i could h**e been back by 6 o’clock.
---what a pity ! tina __here to see you.
a. isb. wasc. would be d. has been
10. -sorry to h**e interrupted you. please go on.
---where was i ?
---you __you didn’t like your father’s job.
a. had said b. saidc. were saying d. had been saying
语法：cadaa accbc
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