在初中阶段，我们就学过“it”。it是重点语法项目，也是高考的热点之一。下面结合高考题总结一下it的用法：
一、作指代词
1、用作人称代词，可用来指人，说明某人的身份或者做某事的人或指代婴儿或儿童；另外，在不清楚某人性别或什么样的人时，也可使用 it，往往用于对话中。
如：-who is knocking at the door?
it must be my uncle.
2、用作指示代词，替代this 或that。
如：-what is this?
it’s a bag.
3、用作非人称代词，指代上文提到的事或物，也可指时间、天气、季节、气候、距离、环境、
**、温度、速度、情况等。
考例一〕i was disappointed with the film. i had expected __to be much better. (nmet1993)
a. that b. this c. one d. it
答案：d。it在这里指代上文提到的the film。
4. 用来指代上文提到的事情，也可指代上文整个句子或部分句子的内容。
考例二〕i hate __when people talk with their mouths full. （nmet1998）
a. it b. that c. these d. them
答案：选a。it在这里指人们带着满口食物讲话这件事。
考例三〕tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but __didn’t help. (met1993)
a. he b. which c. she d. it
答案：选d。
二、作引导词
一)作形式主语。不定式、动名词、主语从句在作主语时，为了使整个句子保持平衡，往往借助。
it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语放到句子后面。
如：it is fun to jump into the river to h**e a swim in summer.
it will be no good learning without practice.
it作形式主语的常用句型有：
1. it + be + adj./ n. (for sb. /of sb.) to do sth. 该句型中的形容词若是表示事物的。
特点或特征的，如：easy，difficult，hard，important，(im)possible，clear，necessary，useful，boring，relaxing，exciting等，此时用for引出不定式动作的发出者；若表示人的性。
格特征，如：kind，wrong，good，nice，silly，foolish，bad，wise，clever，careless，rude，br**e，cruel，careful， grateful等，这时要用 of引出不定式动作的发出者。
考例四〕is __possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (nmet 1988)
a. now b. man c. that d. it
答案：d。it指代to fly to the moon in a spaceship。
考例五〕is __necessary to tell his father everything? (nmet 1989)
a. it b. that c. what d. he
答案：a。it指代to tell his father everything。
考例六〕in fact __is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football
match. (上海 2001)
a. this b. that c. there d. it
答案：d。it指for the police to keep order in an important football match这一。
复杂不定式。
2. it + be + fun/ a waste of time/ no good/ no use doing sth.
如：it is a waste of time waiting for the bus late at night.
3. it +be+过去分词+that从句。 适用于该句型的过去分词主要有hoped，known，thought，said，reported，decided，announced，told，believed，expected，suggested等。
如：it is said that the boy h**e passed the exam.
4. it +be+形容词+that从句。可用于此句型的形容词还有good，lucky，certain，strange，likely，wonderful，useless，true， right，wrong，（un）important ，surprising，clear，unusual。
如：it is likely that their team will win against ours.
5. it +be+名词（词组）+that从句。适用该句型的名词（词组）还有a shame，a pity，a pleasure，a fact，an honor，a wonder，a good thing，a surprise，good news等。
如：is it a pleasure that you work with mr. smith?
考例七〕__is a fact that english is being accepted as an international language.
(nmet 1995)
a. there b. this c. that d. it
答案：d。it指代整个that从句的内容。
6. it + seem/appear/happen + that从句。
如：it happened that tom was out when his house caught fire.
7. it doesn’t matter (to sb.) wh-/how引导的从句或does it matter if/whether/wh-/how
引导的从句。
考例八〕does __matter if he can’t finish the job on time? (nmet 1991)
a. this b. that c. he d. it
答案：d。
8. it doesn’t make too much/any difference+ wh-/how引导的从句，意为“……
没有什么差别、无关紧要”。
如：it doesn’t make any difference whether he comes or not.
9. it is no wonder that从句，意为“难怪……”
考例九〕they are all classmates．__is no wonder __they should help each other with their studies．（上海 1998）
a．this；whether b．it；if c．that；that d．it；that
答案：d。
10. it is not known/not decided/a question等+wh-/how引导引导的从句。
如：it is not decided when the meeting is held.
二)作形式宾语。这种情况通常用于能带以名词或形容词作宾语补语的动词后面。
用 it 作形式宾语的句型主要为：s. +v. it + adj. /n./ 不定式或从句。
用于这一句型的动词主要有 find, consider, feel, make, think 等。
如：i feel it my duty to help the old and the weak.
考例十〕i don’t think __possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
nmet 1990)
a. this b. that c. its d. it
答案：d。
三)用于强调句型中。为了强调句子的某一成分（主语、宾语、状语），常用强调句型：
it is （was ）＋被强调的成分+ that…”，意为“是…/就是…”。若被强调的是人，则后面用who或that，其他情况，只能用that，而不能用when/where/why等。
如：it was last week that i met my friend henry in the street.
it was in the street that i met my friend henry last week.
it was my friend that/who i met in the street last week.
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