2023年高考英语知识点串讲（5）
第5讲。一、language points
二、语法专题──介词的考点。
1. 常用介词的意义区别。
1)表示时间 at+时间点：在…时刻，在…点钟，在…岁时。
on+某天或某天的某个时间：在某日、星期几、某日早中晚等。
in+时间段：在…期间，在…以后，在…时间内。
by+时间：在…之前，不迟于…，常与完成时连用。
2)表示方位：in/on/to/off
3)表示部位
on+ the head/shoulder/back/nose：表示拍打较硬或凸形的部位。
in+ the face/ear/stomach/eye:：表示拍打较软或凹形的部位。
by+ the arm/hand/nose: 表示牵、拉、抓某部位。
4)表示之间：between/among
5)表示方式
by：乘…(交通工具)，通过…(方法)，常接无冠词名词或动名词。
with：以…工具/手段，用身体某部位，常接带冠词的具体某工具。
in：表示表达的方法、媒介、工具、材料等。
through：通过…途径/方式/方法。
6)表示穿越
through：表示从物体里面穿过，还可表示沿着街道、河流走。
across：表示从物体表面经过，还可表示横过街道、河流。
over：表示从物体上方越过，还可表示挎在肩上。
2. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
3. with的复合结构。
4. 含有介词的固定搭配。
有无冠词，意义不同。
in front of/in the front of
in charge of/in the charge of
out of question/out of the question
at table/at the table
on earth/on the earth
有无介词，意义不同。
know sb.认识某人/know about sb.了解某人。
shoot sb.击中某人/shoot at sb.向某人射击。
search sb.搜身/search for sb.搜寻某人。
believe sb.相信某人的话/believe in sb.信任某人的人格。
benefit sb.使某人受益/benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处。
不要画蛇添足。
serve for the people为人民服务。
enter into the room进入房间。
follow behind me跟在我后面。
at the moment… …就…
in this/that/last/next year今年/那年/去年/明年。
in one/any/each/every/some/all year
一年/任何一年/每年/每年/某年/全年。
marry with sb.与某人结婚。
go to abroad出国。
live in upstairs住在楼上。
不要张冠李戴。
be caught in the rain被雨淋着（不用by）
le**e for someplace动身去某地（不用to）
set an example to sb为某人树立榜样（不用for）
in the direction朝着…方向（不用to）
do a f**or for sb帮某人一个忙（不用to）
different from和…不同（不用with）
with the help of在…的帮助下（不用under）
steal sth from sb偷某人的东西（不用of）
别丢三落四。
drop in on sb拜访某人（别丢了on）
drop in at someplace参观某地（别丢了at）
look down upon瞧不起（别丢了upon）
think of…as认为…是（别丢了of）
look on…as认为…是（别丢了on）
rxplain to sb sth向某人解释某事（别丢了to）
from behind the door从门后面（别丢了behind）
be worth listening to值得一听（别丢了to）
三、题型归纳──逻辑型单项填空。
这类题型主要从句子的形式、句子的意义来考查对英语句子的把握和理解情况，具体表现在主谓一致、意义一致、人称一致、非谓语动词及介词的逻辑主语一致等方面。
1. qiong yao with her works___very popular with us young people.
a. beb. are c. were d. become
2. what i like best, to tell you the truth, _in my opinion, the books my brother bought me as my birthday present last week.
a. areb. isc. h**e d. existed
3. the teacher told us that practice___perfect.
a. makeb. makes c. made d. ******
4. hurry up, if you___there with us.
a. go b. will goc. would go d. could go
5. at the age of seven, _
a. his father diedb. he lost his father
c. his dog followed himd. his parents divorced
6. _his mother saw him playing games with other children.
a. on his way homeb. from his room
c. from her officed. under his nose
7. she has long been expecting a chance to study abroad and at last she got___
a. itb. thatc. anotherd. one
8. if a student can make what has been learned___whether in class or from social practice, he will make steady progress.
a. his own b. himc. himselfd. his
9. he is one of the students who, i’m sure, always do___best.
a. hisb. theirc. myd. one’s
10. neither rose nor henry likes to attend the meeting, _
a. does she b. does he c. do they d. did you
11. _more attention, the tree may grow better.
a. giveb. givingc. givend. to give
12. someone must h**e taken it away this morning, _
a. h**en’t they b. hasn’t he c. don’t they d. didn’t he
13. -what do you think worries him so much
a. he didn’t pass the examb. his father is seriously ill
c. lost his biked. what jim said just now
14. miss wilson, whose parents are___working in china, is studying in peking university now.
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