注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。
book sells wel.
window won't shut.
pen writes smoothly.
cuts easily.
三、主语———动词———宾语。
在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语。
you know these people(them)?(名词或代词做宾语)
can't express myself in english.(反身代词做宾语)
smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)
can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)
you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词做宾语)
hope that i h**e said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语,即:宾语从句)
注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法。
四、主语———动词———宾语———宾语。
在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习遇时,要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。
第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。
handed me a letter.
he handed a letter to me.
g**e me her telephone number.
she g**e her telephone number to me.
第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。
sang us a folk song.
she sang a folk for us.
cooked us a delicious meal.
she cooked a delicious meal for us.
第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。
him i'm out.
you inform me where miss green lives?
五、主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语。
在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。
下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。
found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)
called their daughter mary.(名词做宾补)
placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)
went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补)
do you advise me to do?(不定式做宾补)
thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补)
believed them to h**e discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补)
believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补)
you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式做宾补)
saw her chatting with nancy.(现在分词做宾补)
watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补)
注意:在这个结构中,可以出现用it做形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
felt it his duty to mention this to her.
分析:it是形式宾语,hisduty是宾语补足语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
think it best that you should stay with us.
分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。
注意:1.习惯用语的使用。
在英语中,有很多动词习惯用语,在学习的过程中,要注意它们的使用,不必分析单独每个词的使用。
例:we are short of money.(be short of中short做表语)
she is always ****** trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语)
he has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)
we are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语,to stop是宾语补足语)
2.在英语中,大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词,而且还会有一些固定词组,因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。
例:askdid you ask the price?(直接接名词做宾语)
she asked them their names.(接双宾语)
i asked james to buy some bread.(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)
i asked to speak to fred.(接不定式做宾语)
didn't you ask him in?(在此句中和副词in连用)
he has asked for an interview with the president.(组成固定词组ask for)
be句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有…”
谓语动词和主语保持一致:there is a television in the sitting room.
有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:there are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
主语的后面有时有修饰语:there are a lot of difficulties facing were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).
谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:there will be a concert in the park was little change in him.
谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。
there used to be a cinema here.
there seems to be something the matter with her.
is there going to be any activity tonight?
there be句式变疑问句,把be提前;变翻译疑问句也要借助there。
is there any hope of getting the job?
there is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?
there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词:
once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island.
there came a knock at the door.
at the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being:
you wouldn't want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构)
the teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构)
there being nothing else to do,we went home.(独立主格结构)
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