翻译补充(一):专有名词的翻译。
专有名词:主要是常见的人名、地名等。
基本原则:主要“音译”,并保留约定俗成的翻译。
中文译到英文主要保留拼音形式:
注意以下约定俗成的翻译:
翻译补充(二):成语的翻译。
首先要弄懂中文意思,其次追求完美。
一)套译。汉语中的成语,英语中有一个意思非常接近成语,直接套用。
call a spade a spade 实话实说;实事求是。
reap what one has sown 种瓜得瓜/作茧自缚(区别褒、贬义和感**彩)
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵/涸泽而渔。
castle in the air 海市蜃楼/空中楼阁。
过河拆桥kick down the ladder
格格不入 like a square peg in a round hole
二)直译。在成语所包含的比喻和语言内涵被另一种文化完全接受的情况下,可以直译。
trojan horse 特洛伊木马表示从内部起爆。
sour grapes 酸葡萄表示得不到东西的心理。
sphinx’s riddle 斯芬克斯之谜,表示难解之谜。
a judas kiss 犹大之吻,表示叛变、背叛。
三)直译套译均可。
鉴于有些成语有对应的,但有些人喜欢把意思直接译出来。
to kill two birds with one stone 一石两鸟/一箭双雕。
crocodile tears鳄鱼之泪/黄鼠狼给鸡拜年。
声东击西 to shout in the east and strike in the west/to look one way and row another
掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm/ the apple of one’s eye
对牛弹琴 play a lute to the cow/ cast the pearls before swine
四)意译。有些比喻和文化内涵不能另一种语言作接受。
in a pig’s whisper 低声的。
make a monkey of somebody 嘲弄某人。
the skeleton at the feast令人扫兴的人。
a family skeleton 家丑。
叶公好龙 professed love of what one really fears
毛遂自荐 volunteer one’s service
初出茅庐 at the start of one’s career
五)特别容易弄错的成语。
pull somebody’s leg 嘲弄某人。
eat one’s words 认错,特别承认自己说错话。
dog-eat-dog 残酷的,特别表示竞争。
in the seventh he**en 极为开心。
翻译补充(三):英语谚语中译。
he knows most who speaks least. 大智若愚。
he laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
he that climbs high falls he**ily. 爬得越高,摔得越重。
he that will not work shall not eat. 不劳动者不得食。
he who does not advance loses ground. 逆水行舟,不进则退。
he who makes constant complaint gets little compassion. 经常诉苦,没人同情。
he who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 想不犯错误,就一事无成。
he who risks nothing gains nothing. 收获与风险并存。
history repeats itself. 历史往往重演。
honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。
hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 最好的愿望,做最坏的打算。
if a man deceives me once, shame on him, if he deceives me twice, shame on me. 上当一回头,再多就可耻。
if you make yourself an ass, don't complain if people ride you. 人善被人欺,马善被人骑。
if your ears glow, someone is talking of you. 耳朵发烧,有人念叨。
if you run after two hares, you will catch neither. 脚踏两条船,必定落空。
if you sell the cow, you sell her milk too. 杀鸡取卵。
if you venture nothing, you will h**e nothing. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。
if you want knowledge, you must toil for it. 要想求知,就得吃苦。
industry is the parent of success. 勤奋是成功之母。
it is better to die when life is a disgrace. 宁为玉碎,不为瓦全。
it is easier to get money than to keep it. 挣钱容易攒钱难。
it is easy to be wise after the event. 事后诸葛亮好当。
it is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open. 创业容易守业难。
it is hard to please all. 众口难调。
it is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。
it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
it is the first step that costs troublesome. 万事开头难。
it is the unforeseen that always happens. 天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福。
it is too late to grieve when the chance is past. 坐失良机,后悔已迟。
it never rains but it pours. 不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。
it takes three generations to make a gentleman. 十年树木,百年树人。
jack of all trades and master of none. 门门精通,样样稀松。
judge not from appearances. 人不可貌相,海不可斗量。
justice has long arms. 天网恢恢,疏而不漏。
keep good men company and you shall be of the number. 近朱者赤,近墨者黑。
knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud. 博学使人谦逊,无知使人骄傲。
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