1. 简单句句型的转换。
1.1 主语。
1）有时对其他句子成分无影响。
a. there is nothing inconsistent in what she said. 她的话并无前后矛盾之处。
→there is no inconsistency in what she said.
b. his arrogant manner made everyone dislike him. 他的傲慢态度使大家都讨厌他。
→his arrogance made everyone dislike him.
c. your denying it is useless. 你的否认没有用。
→your denial of it is useless.
2）有时其他部分需要相应的改动。
a. mastery of a language requires painstaking efforts. 学语言要下苦功。
→it requires painstaking efforts to master a language.
b. no amount of persuasion could make her change her mind. 不管怎样劝说，她都不肯改变主意。
→nothing could persuade her to change her mind.
c. his decision was to join the army after thorough consideration. 经过深思熟虑后，他决定参军。
→he decided to join the army after thorough consideration.
总结：具象和抽象主语间可互相转化。
1.2 谓语。
1）转化为表语。
a. these books can be obtained at any library. 这些书哪个图书馆都有。
→these books can be obtainable at any library.
b. every language reflects the culture that produces it. 每种语言都反映产生它的文化。
→every language is a reflection of the culture that produces it.
c. she always minds her obligation to others. 她总是注意自己对别人的责任。
→she is always mindful of her obligation to others.
2）转化为“动词+名词”
a. he apologized for h**ing broken his promise. 他为违背诺言而道歉。
→he offered apologies for h**ing broken his promise.
b. she recited a poem by bai juyi. 她朗诵了白居易的一首诗。
→she g**e a recitation of a poem by bai juyi.
c. he applied for a passport. 他申请了一份护照。
→he made an application for a passport.
1.3 宾语。
1）抽象与具象名词间的互换。
a. the expansion of the city required extension of the communication lines. 城市要扩大就要延长交通线。
→the expansion of the city required extended communication lines.
b. the report revealed the precariousness of their position. 报告透露了他们处境的危险。
→the report revealed their precarious position.
c. they were deeply impressed by the fluency of her english. 她流利的英语给他们留下了深刻的印象。
→they were deeply impressed by her fluent english.
2）部分宾语（宾补）发生变化。
a. they always consider themselves to be right. 他们总认为自己是对的。
→they always consider themselves to be in the right.
b. i believe him to be honest. 我相信他是诚实的。
→i believe him honest.
1.4 表语。
1）名词与形容词互换。
a. your suggestions are of great value to us. 你的建议对我们很有价值。
→your suggestions are very valuable to us.
b. sunlight is of great benefit to the human body. 阳光对人体很有好处。
→sunlight is greatly beneficial to the human body.
2）被动结构转化为“be+介词短语”
a. the road is being repaired. 马路正在翻修。
→the road is under repair.
b. the scene could not be described. 景色无法形容。
→the scene is beyond description.
1.5 状语。
1）副词转换为“介词短语”
a. she purposely ignored me at the party. 她在晚会上故意不理我。
→she ignored me on purpose at the party.
b. i only met her accidentally. 我只是偶然碰到她。
→i only met her by accident.
2）不定式转换为“介词短语”
a. the policemen ran through the street to pursue the bank robbers. 警察在马路上追逐银行劫犯。
→the policemen ran through the street in pursuit of the bank robbers.
b. we walked through the woods to search for the little girl. 我们穿过树林找寻那个小女孩。
→we walked through the woods in search of the little girl.
3）分词短语转换为“介词短语”
a. the staff members in the office are all busy working. 办公室的职员们都在紧张地工作。
→the staff members in the office are all busy at work.
b. he entered, accompanied by a group of boys. 他和一群男孩走了进来。
→he entered in company with a group of boys.
1.6 定语。
1）形容词转换为“介词短语”
a. it is a very important discovery. 这是一项重大发现。
→it is a discovery of great importance.
b. she is an intelligent girl. 她是个智力很高的姑娘。
→she is a girl of high intelligence.
2）其他转换。
a. it is indeed a day to be remembered. 这确实是一个难忘的日子。
→it is indeed a memorable day.
b. i want to book a room accessing to internet. 我想订一间可以上网的房间。
→i want to book a room accessible to internet.
2. 简单句与复合句的互换。
2.1 主语从句。
1）主语从句转换为“不定式”
a. it is so regrettable that one should be so extr**agant. 这样奢侈浪费是令人遗憾的。
→it is so regrettable to be so extr**agant.
b. it has not been decided where we should hold the conference. 在**开会还没有决定。
→it has not been decided where to hold the conference.
2）主语从句转换为“动名词短语”
a. it worries her that tom should mix with such people. 汤姆和这样的人来往令她发愁。
→tom’s mixing with such people worries her.
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