句型转换。
句型转换这一题型是先给出一个句子,然后再给出一个包含几个空白处的句子,要求根据括号内的具体要求在第二句的空白处填入适当的词来完成。它有完全的句式转换和句子中某一部分或几部分的转换。该题型主要考查同学们的语言基础知识及句子结构的构成、变化、运用等。
其特点是规律性强、灵活性小,旨在考查考生用不同的句型结构来表达相同、相近或相反的语意的能力,训练灵活运用语言的技巧。从题型上看,句型转换可分为两大类:一是按要求改写句子。
即按照指定要求将原句改写成其他形式的句子,如肯定句改为否定句,陈述句改为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句、感叹句,对划线部分提问等。
另一类是同义句、近义句的转换,即要求用不同的句型,不同的语言手段表达相同的思想。
本期我们先来看看按要求改写句子的具体情况。同义句、近义句的转换我们将在下一期做详细介绍。按要求改写句子。
按要求改写句子的具体分类如下:一、肯定句改为否定句1.改变谓语结构。
在系动词be, become, feel, smell等,助动词be, h**e, do等以及情态动词can, may,should等后加not。如果句子的谓语中不是以上这些词,而是行为动词,则相应地将动词的原形,第三人称单数或过去式变为否定形式。如:
he has seen the film before.
he hasn’t seen the film will write the book in two months.→he won’t write the book in two does his homework in the evening.
he doesn’t do his homework in the evening.
2.用含否定意义的词(如never, nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few等)。(1)always / ever→never, and→or。
如:he was always late for school last term.→he was never late for school last term.
2)too→not…either, already→not…yet。如:he goes to school by bike, too.
he doesn’t go to school by bike, either.
3)all→none, both→neither, both…and→neither…nor,此时,谓语动词仍用肯定形式,但当neither作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;“neither…nor…”连接两个主语时,谓语动词应和靠近它的主语保持一致。如:he knows all of the workers here.
→he knows none of the workers of the twins are from england.→neither of the twins is from england.
3.当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时,通常用否定主句的谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。如:
i think they can come tonight.
i don’t think they can come tonight.二、陈述句改为疑问句1.一般疑问句。
sam often does his homework in the evening.→does sam do his homework in the evening?2.
特殊疑问句。
i got there the day before yesterday.→when did you get there?3.反意疑问句。
mary doesn’t work hard.
mary doesn’t work hard, does she?
注意:let’s和let us祈使句的附加问句分别为shall we和will you。如:
let”sgo out for a walk, shall we?三、陈述句改为感叹句。
the film is very interesting.→how interesting the film is!it”s a beautiful flower.
what a beautiful flower it is!
一般情况下,what引导的感叹句和how引导的感叹句可相互转换。如:how nice the watch is!
→what a nice watch it is!四、对划线部分提问。
就划线部分提问,是用一个合适的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分,使之成为一个特殊问句。其方法主要是:先依据语意选择相应的疑问词和疑问句语序,句末改用问号。这时我们要注意以下几点:
1)选择恰当的疑问词。
2)对主语或主语的定语提问时,用陈述句语序。对定语提问时,所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。
3)对其它成分提问,用“疑问词+一般疑问句”语序。如:my grandpa has been in shanxi for ten years.
→who has been in shanxi for ten years?lily’s dog has lost.→whose dog has lost?
emma bought one dictionary yesterday.
how many dictionaries did emma buy yesterday?句型转换设题广,部分试题难度较大,这就要求同学们有扎实的语言基本功和熟练的解题技巧。
对于按要求改写句子的试题:首先应注意“要求”的内容;二是要注意选词的准确;三是要注意各种句型的特殊点;四是要注意大小写和拼写的正确。如:
1. the maths problem is too difficult for him to work out.(改为复合句)the maths problem is __difficult __he can’t work it out.
2. the surfers both won first prize in the city surfing competition.(改为否定句)
the surfers won first prize in the city surfing competition.3. i think the fastest way to tr**el is by plane.
(改为特殊疑问句)
___do you think the fastest way to tr**el __
4. miss li showed us a picture of the feathered dinosaur.(改为被动语态)wea picture of the feathered dinosaur by miss li.
答案与简析:
1. too…to…(太……而不能……)so…that…not(如此……以致……不……)所以,应该填so, that。
2.从转换后的句式中没有明确的否定词not可知不能用助动词加not的形式来完成。再根据both的反义词是neither,主语又是the surfers,因此应填neither of。
3.本题实际上是对“by plane”提问,改换后的句子只是缺少了“is by plane”,因此,该将“by plane”改为“what”,后一个空用“is”。
4.由showed确定要用一般过去时的被动语态,故填were shown / showed。
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