复合句的引导词。
复合句连接词的选择,是中考必考题,分值为2-3分。主要出现在完形填空,语法填空和改错题中。考生需要掌握的复合句包括定语从句,宾语从句,状语从句以及部分主语从句和表语从句。
定语从句。考点一:关系代词和关系副词的选择
考点二:who which that的特殊用法
考点三:定语从句涉及的主谓一致。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有what;
关系副词有where, when, why等。
that,which,who的特殊用法:
定语从句分类。
注意:1、当先行词是way,且意为“方式、方法”时,引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式:that/in which/不填。
2. 当先行词是time时,若time作“次数”讲,应用that引导定语从句,that可省略;若time作“一段时间”讲,应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。
3. 定语从句中的主谓一致。
one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时,关系代词在从句中作主语,从句的动词通常用复数,但当one前有the only,the very等修饰时,从句的谓语动词要用单数。
4. 先行词是point、case、situation、stage时,表示情况,方面,处境阶段等,用where引导定语从句。
5. 关系代词as引导定语从句的用法。
1)先行词被such和the same修饰,从句要用as 引导,as在从句中充当主语或者宾语。
注意:such--as、the same as与such---that、the same that的区别。
eg: he is such a good boy as everyone likes.
eg: he is such a good boy that everyone likes him.
eg: this is the same pen as i used yesterday.
eg: this is the same pen that i used yesterday.
the same --as表示两物相似,the same---that表示两物是同一物)
宾语从句。宾语从句考点:时态语序引导词。
宾语从句语气连接词。
一般陈述句 that
一般疑问句 if、whether
特殊疑问句 who、where、when、why、what、how、how much、how many---
注意:1. if/whether的用法区别。
2. 在suggest, demand, order, require,request, advise等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气,即 “(should+)动词原形。
3. 引导词+to do,做宾语。
i don’t know what i shall do next . i don’t know what to do next .
4. 宾语从句的否定转移。
主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
5. 宾语从句中,that不可以省略的情况:1.
及物动词后跟两个或者两个以上的宾语从句,最后一个从句的that不可以省略。2. it is + done + that , that不可以省略(it is +adj+可以省略);3.
it做形式宾语句中,that不可省略;4. that作为间接宾语时,不可以省略。
eg:i realized that i’m the boss and that everyone accepts my leadership.
eg: it is believed that he is the best student in his class.
eg: we think it very amazing that he won the first place.
eg: i told her that i really love her.
状语从句。考点1:从属连词的选择。
考点2:时态的选择。
注意黑体单词的时态问题)
主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词:
从属连词:whether
连接代词:who;whoever;what;whatever;which;whichever
连接副词:when;where;how;why
注意事项:1. 主语从句用陈述语句,后面的谓动词用第三人称单数。
2. what引导的主语从句,谓动词要与其后的表语名词保持一致;没有名词做表语,则用单数。
eg:what you left are only several old books.
eg: what you said is of great importance.
3. whether、what、when、where、how常于不定式连用做主语。
eg:where to go hasn’t been decided.
表语从句。常考察的表语结构类型:
1. 名词主语+ be + that 从句。
eg:the fact is that our team has won the game.
2. 名词主语 + be + wh--疑问词引导的从句。
eg: the question is where we can get the things we need.
3. this / that + be + wh---疑问词引导的从句。
eg:this is how i get the success.
4. what引导的主语从句 + be + that从句。
eg:what surprised me most was that the class was very quiet.
注意事项:1. 表语从句的that不可以省略。
2. 表语从句中只能用whether, 不能用if。
3. 表语从句用陈述语句。
4. 当主语是reason时,引导词用that,不用because
eg:the reason for his being late was that he missed the early bus.
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