非谓语动词高考考点精讲解析。
不定式】目的状语 in order to do sth.(常用于句首、句中) /so as to do sth.(用于句中)
you can raise your prices so as to cover us with a certain percentage.
你可以提高你们的**以便包含一定比例的我们的费用。
think / make /suppose + it + adj. +to do sth. (it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式)
i think it important to learn english well.
我认为学好外语很重要。
i found it impossible for him to do the job alone.
我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。
感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, observe)/ 使役动词(h**e, make, let) +sb./sth. +省略to的动词原形②现在分词③过去分词;
感官动词与使役动词后接省略to的动词原形,但在被动语态中要补充to;
the boy was made to go to bed early.
那个男孩被早早地带去睡觉。
h**e sth. +过去分词(某事由别人完成,主语一般不是分词的动作执行者;本结构也可以表达“主语的遭遇”);
当h**e(有……)make(做……)时,往往后面接不定式做后置定语;
i h**e lots of things to buy.我有许多要买的东西。
“让某人做…”,这一结构常用于如下问题中:
who do you like to h**e __to the cinema tonight? (a)
a. go b. to go c. going d. went
不定式主动形式表示被动意义:
在 sth. /sb. +adj.
+to do 结构中, 若形容词为:easy, difficult, hard, he**y, light, good, nice, pleasant, comfortable, fit, dangerous, interesting, important等;或者以上形容词作宾语补足语时,其后的不定式也用主动形式表示被动意义;
the room is comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服。
i found him easy to get along with. 我觉得他很容易相处。
there be 句型中,用来修饰主语的不定式多用主动式;
there is a lot of work to do. 有很多工作要做。
too/enough … to …
i was too excited to say a word. 我激动得连一句话也说不出。
the book is cheap enough to buy. 这本书很便宜可以买。
never too…to…无论怎样都不过分。
you are never too careful to cross the road.
过马路时,你无论怎样当心都不足为过。
h**e(give, show)sth. to do在这种句型中的不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。
h**e you anything to be taken to your parents?
你有要带给你父母的东西吗?
he'll show you the right path to take.
他会给你指出要走的正确的路。
please give me something to read.
请给我一些可读的材料。
h**e you anything to do this afternoon?
今天下午你有事要做吗?
to let, to blame, to seek等不定式,多以主动式表被动意义;
the house is to let. 这房子要出租。
who is to blame for it? 这得怪谁?
the reason is not far to seek. 这理由不难找到。
sb./sth. be said / reported / believed + to do (要判断使用一般式还是完成式)
形容词最高级或序数词,以及由形容词最高级或序数词来修饰的名词后,多用不定式结构;(要判断使用一般式还是完成式)
he was the last one to le**e school yesterday. 昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
常见动词后接带to的不定式作补语:
allow允许; persuade劝说; encourage鼓励;be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事;be forced to do sth.被迫使做某事;force强迫;urge促使,敦促;expect期望;forbid禁止;permit允许,许可;warn警告,提醒;order命令;get sb.
to do sth.让某人来做某事;require要求;recommend推荐;advise建议;
常见动词后接不定式作宾语:
动词 + 不定式;
afford (承担得起), agree (同意), arrange(安排), ask (要求), beg (乞求), decide/determine(决定), choose (选择), dare(敢), demand (要求), desire (想要,渴望), expect (期望), hope (希望), fail (失败), happen (发生), help(帮助), hesitate (犹豫), learn (学习), long (渴望), mean (打算), manage (尽力), offer (提供), ought (应该), plan (计划), prepare (准备), pretend (假装), promise (承诺), refuse (拒绝), seem (似乎), undertake (承担,试图), attempt (试图,尝试), intend (打算), claim (宣称), contrive (设法), resolve (决心), swear (发誓), threaten (威胁), turn out (结果是,证明是), be supposed to do sth.应该做某事;
动词 + 疑问词 + to + 动词原形;
不定式作动词decide (决定), know (知道), consider (认为), forget (忘记), learn (了解,学习), remember (记得), show (说明,显示), understand (理解,明白), see (明白), wonder (想知道), find out (弄清楚,查明), explain (解释), tell (告诉,分辨), teach (教), discuss (讨论), observe (观察,庆祝), perceive (觉察)等词的宾语时,前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等,但why后接不带to的不定式。
why not give her some flowers? 为什么不给她一些花呢?
i don't know what to say in my report. 我不知道如何在报告里说那些事情。
不定式符号to的保留:常出现在下列动词之后,expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, want, try, 等;或出现在be glad/happy, would like/love等后面;如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, h**e, h**e been时,这些词要保留。
i h**en’t been to hong kong, but i wish to.
---are you on holiday? -no, but i’d like to be.
---shall we go to the cinema tonight? -i’d like to, but i am engaged in my final examination.
---i didn’t tell him the news. -oh, you ought to h**e.
only + to do sth.一般表示“出乎意料的结果”;
i arrived there at last only to find that the others had already left.
我最终赶到了那里,结果发现别人都已经离开了。
he was busy writing a story, only stopping once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
他忙于写一篇故事,只是偶尔停下来吸一根烟。
比较:①the building to be completed next month is our school library. 下个月即将竣工的大楼是我们学校的图书馆。
the building being completed now is our school library.现在正在被建造的大楼是我们学校的图书馆。
the building completed last month is our school library.上个月已经竣工的大楼是我们学校的图书馆。
注意以上3个句子:非谓语动词均作后置定语,但时间不同,所用非谓语动词的形式也就不同;】
never too…to…无论…都不足为过;
you are never too careful to cross the street.穿越马路时越小心越好。
it is never too late to learn. 活到老,学到老。(学习从不嫌晚。)
动词不定式在介词but / except / other than后,如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式,则该介词后的不定式不带to,否则就带to,即有do没to,有to没do;
can’t choose but do sth. 只好做某事,不得不做某事。
can’t help but do sth. 只好做某事,不得不做某事。
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