unit 1重点语法。
教学目标:掌握介词引导的方式状语和动名词的用法。
介词引导的方式状语。
1 ) by +名词或动名词,意为“通过。by + doing”结构在句中做方式状语,常用来表示“以,靠,借助,通过,用”某种方法或手段达到某种预期的目的。如:
i made a coat with my own hands. it was made by hand, not by can realize your dream by working hard.( 2 )“with +名词”表示用某种工具或身体的某个器官。
如:he often writes with his left hand.( 3 )“through +名词”指方法和手段时,意为“经由;通过;以。”如:
we can see many stars in the sky through telescopes.( 4 )“in +名词”表示用某种材料或语言。如:
can you translate this sentence in english?( 5 )“in +名词”表示通过电视、广播、互联网等进行学习研究或查询。如:
i h**e learned many english songs on tv。
动名词的用法。
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词,它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。其用法如下:( 1 )做主语。
谓语动词用单数形式。如:
reading is an art.( 2 )做宾语。在动词或动词短语enjoy, finish, exercise, can’t help, be busy等介词短语。
be fond of , get used to等后面必须用动名词做宾语。如:
when you finish reading, please hand back the are busy preparing for the coming sports meeting.( 3 )做表语。动名词做表语时,句子主语常常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句,做表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语和表语可以互换位置。
如:your task is cleaning the windows.= cleaning the windows is your task.
(4)做定语。动名词做定语,总是位于被修饰的名词之前,表示被修饰的事物的某种用途。如:
washing machine洗衣机。
reading room阅览室。
专项提升。一、选词填空。
her mother goes to workon/ by ) bus every morning.2.
the two kids practice spoken englishby/ with ) joining the english club.3.
to watch/ watching ) movies is a popular way for many people to relax.4.
as we know, it’s not polite to keep otherswait/ waiting ) for a long time.5.
jane, come in and sitbetween / by ) me.二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
do you often memorize new words bymake ) vocabulary lists?2.
can you finishdo ) your homework before nine o’clock?3.
don’tworryabout___make)mistakeswhenyoutalktoforeignersinenglish.4.
help ) each other at school is a way to improve our friendship.5.
we h**e worked for three hours. let’s stopwork ) and h**e a rest.
三、用by的相关短语完成下列句子,每空一词。
ithinkthebestwaytolearnenglishis___
___通过磁带).2.
henry was sitting over there __
在窗户旁).3.
shall we go __
___乘火车)?4.
the trees __
___沿河边)are all very tall.5.
john is afraid to stay at home __
___他自己).
四、根据汉语意思完成句子。
我通过听磁带并大声重复来练习听力。
i practice listening2.
她是通过向老师请教来学习化学的。
she studied3.
你通过参加物理俱乐部的方式学习物理吗?
did you study4.
谁通过记笔记来学习语法?
who learns grammar答案:一、
by2. by
3. watching
4. waiting
5. by二、
******
2. doing
3. ******
4. helping
5. working三、
bylisteningtotapes四、
by listening to a tape and repeating out aloud2.
chemistry by asking the teacher for help3.
physics by joining a physics club4.
by taking notes
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