第一课、英语句子成分和英语句子结构。
一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
the sun rises in the east名词） he likes dancing. （代词）
twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) seeing is believing. （动名词）
第一课、英语句子成分和英语句子结构。
一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
the sun rises in the east名词） he likes dancing. （代词）
twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) seeing is believing. （动名词）
to see is to believe不定式） what he needs is a book. （主语从句）
it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （it形式主语，主从是真正主语）
二、谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
we study englishhe is asleep.
三、表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
he is a teacher. （名词seventy-four! you don’t look it. （代词）
five and five is ten. （数词he is asleep形容词）
his father is in. （副词the picture is on the wall介词短语)
my watch is gone / missing / lost形容词化的分词）
to wear a flower is to say “i’m poor, i can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
the question is whether they will come表语从句）
常见的系动词有： be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,
remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） .
it sounds a good ideathe sound sounds strange.
her voice sounds sweettom looks thin.
the food smells deliciousthe food tastes good.
the door remains opennow i feel tired.
四、宾语：1）动作的承受者---动宾。
i like china. （名词） he hates you. （代词）
how many do you need? we need two. （数词）
we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy working with you. （动名词）
i hope to see you again. （不定式） did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词---介宾。
are you afraid of the snake? under the snow, there are many rocks.
3） 双宾语---间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
he g**e me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.
五、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
we elected him monitor. （名词） we all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）
we will make them happy. （形容词） we found nobody in. (副词 )
please make yourself at home. 介词短语） don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
his father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） i’ll h**e my bike repaired. （过去分词）
六、主补：对主语的补充。
he was elected monitorshe was found singing in the next room.
he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
七、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
ai yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） he is our friend. （代词）
we belong to the third world. （数词） he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.形容词。
the man over there is my old friend.(副词) the woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
the boys playing football are in class 2. （现在分词）
the trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
i h**e an idea to do it well. （不定式）
you should do everything that i do. （定语从句）
八、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
以下例句按上述顺序排列）
i will go there tomorrowthe meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
the meat went bad because of the hot weather. he studies hard to learn english well.
he didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. i like some of you very much
if you study hard, you will pass the exam. he goes to school by bike
though he is young, he can do it well.
句子结构。简单句的五个基本句型。
主语 ＋ 不及物动词she came．/ my head aches.
主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语she likes english.
主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语she is happy．
主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 she g**e john a book．
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