book 2 ； lesson 12
arena ['rin; 'ri:n]
n. [c] [源]法语，本意是一种座席的形势，指那种观众席全包围舞台的场地。
1. an enclosed area used for sports,public entertainments, etc. （供运动、娱乐等的）活动场所：
the circus elephants were led into the arena.
place of great activity, esp. of competition or fighting. （竞赛或搏斗等的）竞技场；…界：
she entered the political arena at the age of 25. 她二十五岁进入政界。
词义辨析]
field: a branch of knowl1. field arena: a particular environment or walk of life
edge or an area of activity. 主要指经选定在一段时间内作专题研究的方面或领域。
arena: a particular activity, esp. one that involves competition and gets a lot of public attention.
she entered the political arena as a young woman.
2. stadium arena: a large structure for open-air sports or entertainments
stadium: a large sometimes unroofed building with rows of seats.
arena : the central area of an ancient roman amphitheater where contests and spectacles were held; especially an area that was strewn with sand.
communicate[k'mjun,ket: k'mju:nikeit]
v. [词缀]com- 表示“共同，完全”
1 [t (to)] to make (opinions, feelings, informations, etc.) known or understood by others, by speech, writing, or bodily movements 传达，传递（意见，感情，消息等）：our teacher communicate his ideas very clearly.
2 [i (with)] to share or exchange opinions, feelings, informations, etc. 交流意见（意见，感情，消息等）；沟通：he is a shy boy who can’t communicate very well.
3 [t (to)] tech a pass on (a disease, heatm etc.) 术语）传染；传播（疾病等）：some diseases are easily communicated.
4 [i (with)] fml(esp. of romms) to join; be connecte （正式）（房间）相通，相连：communicating bedrooms相同的卧室。
5. [i] (in the christian church) to receive commusion（**教）领受圣餐。
常用短语]communicate sth. to 使某事物被知晓
he communicated his intention to me.
他把他的意向告诉我。
communicatewithsb.与某人交流。
他的沟通能力令人惊奇。
典型考题] if you feel lonely, you can communicate __more people.
试题分析] 此题测试词组意义，答案为 a.
详细解答] 句意：如果你觉得孤单，你可以多与更多的人交流。communicatewith与…交流。
comparative [km'prtv；km'prtiv]
词缀]com-“共同，完全”; tive 形容词词。
尾。adj.
1 (of the form of an adj. or adv.)expressing
an increase in quality, quantity, or degree
形容词，副词的）比较级的： “bigger” is the comparative form of “big”. 2 measured or judged by a comparion which is not stated相比之下的，相对而言的，相对he is a comparative newcomer to television.
comparative study of european languages.
n. [the+s] the form of an adj. or adv. that shows some increase in quality, quantity, or
degree 比较级：“bigger” is the
comparative of “big”.
词义辨析] comparable comparative
这两个词都是compare的派生词，但意义不同。
comparable 指“类似的，可相比的” song was comparable to the most popular one.
comparative 指“比较的，相当的”。 what is the comparative value of this painting over that one?
典型考题] "good"" is the positive form of the adjective, "better"" is the __
b. superlative
c. positive d. normal
试题分析] 此题测试词义，答案为 a.
详细解答] 句意："好""是该形容词的原级，""更好'是比较级。"
superlative最高级；positive原级。
comprehend[,kmpri'hend] vt. 1.(often used
in negative sentences常用与否定句) (formal) to understand sth fully理解，了解，领会 the child couldn'tcomprehendthe text. 2. contain；include包含，包括 parkcomprehendsall the land on the other side of the river.
词形变换]
名词comprehension
形容词： comprehendible
副词： comprehendingly
[词义辨析]
这些动词均含有“包括，包含”之意。
contain普通用词，所涉及的物体常常是其组成部分或内容。强调包容关系。既可指具体有形的东西，也可指抽象无形的东西。
government forces h**e failed to contain the rebellion.
include普通用词，指一整体包含着各独立的部分，也指某东西包含另一东西的某一部分。you should include some examples in your essay.
embrace正式用词，指把某事物纳入整个之中。the talks embraced a wide range of issues.
involve把包含因整体的性质决定的成分或结果。所包括的往往是无形的，不可触知的东西，多用作引申。you h**e involved me in a great deal of extra work.
comprehend正工用词，指包含在整体范围以内。
hold常和contain换用。指能够容纳或有足够的容纳量。强调包容能力。she groaned and held her head.
comprise书面用词，暗指一个整体包括不同部分所组成，可与include交换使用the collection comprises 327 paintings.。
这些动词均有“理解”之意。
understand一般用词，很常用，指对事实或意义知道得很清楚。she didn't understand the form she was signing.
comprehend较正式用词，指对较复杂的事物能透彻理解其意义。
appreciate欣赏，指对某事物或意义有正确的认识，对其价值的肯定。what i failed to appreciate was the distance between the two cities.
apprehend指知道某事物或某观念的大概意义，但未能理解其内涵意义，暗含一知半解意味。he was slow to apprehend danger.
grasp从本义抓紧、抓住，引申作“理解、掌握”。 they failed to grasp the importance of his words.
典型考题]it is difficult to __the magnitude of his crime.
a）grasp
b）appreciate
c）comprehend
d）apprehend
试题详解]c翻译：弄清他罪恶的大小是困难的。comprehend较正式用词，指对较复杂的事物能透彻理解其意义。
appreciate欣赏，指对某事物或意义有正确的认识，对其价值的肯定。apprehend指知道某事物或某观念的大概意义，但未能理解其内涵意义，暗含一知半解意味。grasp从本义抓紧、抓住，引申作“理解、掌握”。
comprehension [,kmpri'henn] n [u,c]
1.[u]..an ability to understand the meaning or importance of something (or the knowledge acquired as a result) 理解力：
领悟能 you can do that is beyond my comprehension.
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