2019-2023年高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编-句子。
1.—someone wants you on the phone.—_nobody knows i am here.
(xx·新课标卷25)a. althoughb. andc.
butd. so
解析】选c。本题要把握前后两个句子的逻辑关系。前半句为，有人给你打**；后半句为，没人知道我在这儿，根据句意可知前后两句明显为转折关系，故选c。
2. _a strange plant! i've never seen it before.
(xx·辽宁卷33)a. whichb. whatc.
howd. whether【解析】选b。what引导一个感叹句。
简单句所涉及的考点主要包括感叹句和反意疑问句。一、感叹句。
___she sings! i h**e never heard a better how beautiful
b. what beautiful songc. how beautifullyd. so wonderful
解析】选c。此为“how＋副词＋主语＋谓语”形式的感叹句。简单句。
感叹句的基本结构特点是：
what＋a(n) (adj.)＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋动词)!what＋adj.＋不可数名词或复数可数名词！how＋adj. /adv. (主语＋动词)!
how＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋动词)!二、反意疑问句。
考点1.主从复合句后面的反意问句。
i don't suppose our team might h**e been beaten by theirs last night, _a. do ib. might itc.
hasn't itd. was it
解析】选d。陈述部分有i don't suppose时，反意问句应与其后的宾语从句的主谓一致，本句的非推测句为：i don't suppose our team was beaten by theirs last night,反意问句便是：
was it。
如果陈述部分是主从复合句，后面的反意问句通常与主句的主谓一致。如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess, expect等，后面的反意问句要注意3种情况：1.
如果主语是第一人称i,后面的反意问句需与从句的主谓一致。
2.如果主句的主语是其他人称，则后面的反意问句常需与主句的主谓一致。3.如果主句的动词是否定式，后面的反意问句要用肯定式。考点2.强调结构后面的反意问句。
it was at the gate that you met her, _a. wasn't itb. was itc. didn't youd. did you
解析】选a。强调结构“it is / was＋被强调部分＋that …”后的反意问句需与it is / was一。
致。强调结构“it is / was＋被强调部分＋that …”后的反意问句需与that前面的主谓一致。考点3.并列句后面的反意问句。
the man works hard and he is the best worker in his factory, _a. does heb. doesn't hec.
is hed. isn't he
解析】选d。两个并列句后面的反意问句的主谓一般需与后一个分句保持主谓一致。两个并列句(常见的连词有：
or, and, but, while, for等)后面的反意问句的主谓一般需与距离它近的那个分句的主谓一致。考点4.否定句后面的反意问句。
he had little idea that it was getting so serious, _a. didn't heb. did hec.
wasn't itd. was it
解析】选b。陈述句是含有否定词little的否定句，反意问句用肯定形式。
1.前面的陈述部分有半否定词hardly, rarely, scarcely, few, little, seldom等时，反意问句用肯定形式。
2.陈述部分虽有否定前(后)缀词(如：dis-，in-，un-，-less)时，反意问句仍要用否定形。
式。考点5.祈使句后面的反意问句。
lily, help me put up the picture on the wall, _
a. will youb. don't youc. are youd. didn't you【解析】选a。陈述句是肯定祈使句，反问部分用will you。
1. let's开头(包括听话者),反意问句用shall we；let us开头(不包括听话者),反意问句用will you。
2.其他形式的肯定祈使句后面，一般用will you。考点6.情态动词后面的反意问句。
i think it's high time that she made up her mind.
the police must h**e known all about this, _
a. mustn't theyb. h**en't theyc. mustn't itd. hasn't it
解析】选b。陈述部分用“must(may，might)＋表示推测时，若句中不带有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词应该与must(may, might)后的动词形式保持一致。情态动词用于推测，后面的反意问句的谓语一般要与情态动词后面的动词相一致。
考点7. h**e后面的反意问句。
it's seven o'clock now. we h**e to le**e for the cinema, _a. h**en't web.
don't wec. isn't itd. wasn't it【答案】选b。
1. h**e表“有”时，后面的反意问句的谓语可用h**e或do的适当形式。
2. h**e表“让、吃、患”等意思时，后面的反意问句的谓语用do的适当形式。3. h**e to表“不得不”时，后面的反意问句的谓语要用do的适当形式。
4. h**e＋done构成完成时时，后面的反意问句的谓语要用h**e的适当形式。考点8.其他几种特殊的反意问句。
例1: there will be an english party tomorrow, _a. isn't thereb.
isn't itc. won't thered. won't it
解析】选c。在there be句型中，反意疑问句的主语用there,反意疑问句谓语部分视具体的助动词、情态动词或系动词而定。考点8.其他几种特殊的反意问句。
例2: it's the first time that he has been to australia辽宁锦州一中高中xx届高三第五次模拟卷)
a. isn'theb. hasn't hec.
isn't itd. hasn't it【解析】选c。由句型it's the first time that＋从句可知，主语是it, be是is。
因此用isn't it。考点8.其他几种特殊的反意问句。
例3:—alice, you feed the bird todaybut i fed it yesterday.
a. do youb. will youc. didn't youd. don't you
解析】选b。alice为称呼语，后接一个祈使句，因此用will you。1.
陈述部分是there be结构时，反意问句的主语用there来充当。2. i wish表示愿望，后面的反意问句常用may i。
3. i'm开头，后面的反意问句常用aren't i。
4.以so, oh开头的句子，若是肯定句，其后的反意问句也用肯定；若是否定句，其后的反意问句也用否定。
5.在句型it's the first/second/third…time that从句中，在it's＋时间段＋since从句中，以及it won't be long before从句中等等，反意部分由前面it＋be来决定，与从句的谓语动词无关。考点1.
转折并列句。
例1: we thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _in fact, there were whileb. whetherc.
whatd. which
解析】选a。分析两句的关系可知应该用表示对比的连词while。并列句。
例2: excuse me for breaking in, _i h**e some news for sob. andc. butd. that
解析】选c。but放在表示歉意的话之后，只起连接作用；but的语义非常丰富，用法灵活多变。随着高考语境性意义的加强，but出现的频率也越来越高，因为它在试题中对正确答案的选择起着重要的制约作用。
下面是but的一些基本用法。一、but用作并列连词，意为“但是”，“然而”，表示转折意义。
rick made some more records, but he wasn't as popular as he had been before.里克虽然灌制了更多唱片，但不像以前那样受欢迎。
此时要注意but与however的区别。however表示“可是”，“但是”的意义时，常用作副词，可以放在句首、句中、句尾，并常用逗号将它与句子分开。however，he didn't make his mark in the end.
然而，他终未成功。
二、but可置于表示歉意的话(如excuse me或i'm sorry )之后，提出请求或说出可能触犯对方的话，它没有实际意义，只起连接作用，可以省去。i am sorry, but i don't think i know you.很抱歉，我想我不认识你。
excuse me, but can you tell me how to surf the net?劳驾，你能告诉我怎么上网吗？
主要由but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，却)等连词连接。考点2.选择并列句。
bring the flowers into a warm room __they'll soon open. (xx·辽宁卷31)a. orb.
andc. butd. for
解析】选b。and表并列关系。此句考查句型：祈使句＋and＋陈述句。
主要由or(或者，还是，否则), either…or…(不是……就是……)neither…nor…(既不……也不……)otherwise(要不然)等连词连接。考点3.联合并列句。
___and i'll get the work finished.
a. h**e one more hourb. one more hour
c. given one more hourd. if i h**e one more hour
解析】选b。从句子结构上看，and连接了两个分句，两句间存在着一种顺承关系。其中前一分句为不完整句子，即一个名词短语，表示一种条件或假设，相当于if条件状语从句，该句相当于if i am given one more hour, i'll get the work finished.
后一分句表示一种结果或推论。一、祈使句。
1.祈使句主要用于请求，发出邀请，给予指示、忠告或警告，也可用于发出命令等。2.
祈使句的特点是：一般不出现主语(you),但有时为了指明向谁发出请求或命令，也可以说出主语；谓语动词一律用原形；否定式一律在动词前面加don't。二、句型中陈述句的时态或语气决定着祈使句表示的条件性质。
1.当陈述句是一般将来时或一般现在时的时候，祈使句是真实条件句。work hard, and you can make rapid progress in your study.
努力学习，你将很快取得进步。
2.当陈述句的谓语动词是would / should / could / might＋动词原形或完成体时，祈使句表示非真实条件句。
e tomorrow and i would tell you everything.明天来，我就告诉你所有的事情。
三、“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型的3种变化形式1. “祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句”
try some of this juice—perhaps you'll like it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。2. “名词词组＋and＋陈述句”
名词词组中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等词。
it is really very dangerous. one more step, and the baby will fall into the well.真危险。
再多迈一步，这个小孩儿就掉进井里了。another￡500, and i could buy a car.
假如我再有500英镑，就能买辆小汽车了。
one step further and you'll lost.再多走一步，你就会迷失方向了。
a few minutes earlier, and i could h**e seen the famous scientist.要是我早来几分钟，就能见到那位著名的科学家了。3.
“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”
or表示“否则”、“要不然的话”，or可用or else或otherwise替换，从反面来**结果。take the chance, or you will regret it.抓住机会吧，否则你会遗憾的。
watch your step, or else you might fall into the water.留神脚下，不然你会掉进水里的。
do as you're told, otherwise you'll be in trouble.叫你怎么做就怎么做，否则你会有麻烦的。
主要由and,not only…but also…(不但……而且……)when(＝and just at this time就在这时)等连词连接。考点4.因果并列句。
it must h**e rained last night, _the ground is wet this becauseb. sincec. asd.
for【解析】选d。表示对前一分句的内容加以推断性的原因，用for。
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