比较级和最高级 初三

发布 2021-05-18 16:37:28 阅读 2866

形容词比较级和最高级。

形容词是用来修饰物体的形状,大小,长度,属性。特点等,一般位于名词的前面。一般来说,中文意思“[,绝大多数形容词有三种形式:原级,比较级和最高级。

一、无差别(同级)比较。

常见句式为:a is as – as b.(肯定) a is not so (as) –as b.(否定)

意思是“a和b一样/不一样……”

例:1) this box is as he**y as that one.

2) your classroom is not so bright as ours.

3)willie whale is as clever as sherlock shark.

二、一般而言,形容词的比较级和最高级分为规则变化和不规则变化。

规则变化如下:

1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。

例:tall---taller---tallest, old---older---oldest, small→smaller→smallest, short→shorter→shortest , great→greater→greatest

2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。

例:wide---wider---widest, large→larger→largest , nice→nicer→nicest

3) 少数以-r, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。

例:clever---cleverer---cleverest, slow---slower---slowest, narrow→narrower→narrowest

4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词在变成比较级和最高级时,把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-iest 构成。

例:happy---happier---happiest, he**y---he**ier---he**iest

5) 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母且为单音节的形容词,其比较级和最高级为双写该辅音字母,然后再加 -er和-est。

例:big---bigger---biggest, fat---fatter---fattest , hot→hotter→hottest

6) 对于双音节和多音节形容词,其比较级和最高级的变化则需要在这些形容词前面加上more 和most构成。

例:dangerous---more dangerous---most dangerous

popular---more popular---most popular

7) 有些形容词的比较级和最高级是没有规律的,需要单独记忆:

good---better---best, little---less---least

much---more---most, bad---worse---worst

far---farther/further---farthest/furthest

many---more---most

三、形容词比较级常见句式:(假设a,b分别为两个不同的人或物)

句式一、a is - 为adj., 下同), but b is -er.

例:this tree is tall, but that tree is taller.

句式二、a is -er than b.

例:li ming is fatter than li wei.

mike is wiser than sam. 麦克比山姆聪明。

the house is more beautiful than that one. 这间房子比那一间更漂亮。

句式三、which one is -er, a or b?

例:which one is more beautiful, the yellow shirt or the blue one?

其他 、在形容词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little,……来修饰,表示“……的多”,“甚至……”更……”一些”。

1. our city is much more beautiful than yours. 我们的城市比你们的漂亮得多。

2. this is even harder than steel. 这个东西甚至比钢还硬。

3. he is even slower than before. 他比以前更慢了。

4. japan is a little larger than germany. 日本只比德国大一点儿。

ⅱ、表示倍数:…times+形容词比较级+than…

1. our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大二倍。

2. the yangtze river is ten times longer than the river in your city.

长江比你们城市的河长十倍。

ⅲ、表示“大三岁”,“高二厘米”时要用“表示数、量的词+比较级”来表示。

1. i'm two years older than you我比你大二岁。

2. she is a head taller than i(me她比我高一个头。

ⅳ、“比较级+ than any other +单数名词”表示“比其他的任何……都……”

(这个句型是用比较级形式表达最高级的意思。)

he is better than any other student in the class.

他在班里,比任何一个别的学生都好。 (暗指:他是最好的)

my grandfather is older than any other man in our village.

he is cleverer than any other student in his class.

she is taller than any other boy in the team.

注意:any other后要加单数名词,如果译成“任何一个别的”似乎好理解它为什么接单数名词。

this watch is more expensive than any other watch in the shop.

在这个店里,这只表比其他任何一个别的表都贵。(这只表是最贵的)

ⅴ、“比较级+and+比较级”译为“越来越……”

1. the earth is getting warmer and warmer. 地球变得越来越暖和。

2. china is more and more beautiful. 中国变得越来越美丽。

3. it becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.

春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了。

4. it is getting cooler and cooler. 天气越来越凉爽。

注意:多音节形容词用此句型时,要用more and more +形容词原级;而不能用more beautiful and more beautiful.

ⅵ、“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”译为“越……就越……”

1. the busier he is, the happier he feels他越忙就越高兴。

2. the higher the ground(is),the thinner air becomes. 越高,空气就越稀薄。

3. the more money you make, the more you spend. 钱你赚得越多,花得越多。

4. the sooner,the better. 越快越好。

ⅶ、“the+比较级+ of the two”译为“两个中比较……的”。

1. this watch is the cheaper of the two这支手表是两个中比较便宜的。

2. he is the better of the two他是这两个人中比较好的。

which(who)is+比较级…?

比较a和b,问“哪一个较……?时用”which is+比较级,a or b?”句型。如果是人与人相比时,用who代替which。

which one is more popular, the radio or the movie? 收音机和电影,哪一个更普及?

the radio is.收音机。

注意。a or b,只能用or不能用and。

who is happier, you or your father? 你和你父亲,谁幸福?

i am.我 (或者) my father is. 我父亲。

四、形容词最高级常见句式:

句式一、 which one is the -est, a,b, or c?

例:which food is the most delicious, the noodles, the rice or the cakes?

句式二、a is the -est in +our class / china 等表示范围的词。

例:i think wang lei is the best one in our class.

句式三、a is the -est of the three / five / all等表示数量的词。

例:shanghai is the biggest city of all the cities in china.

句式四、a is one of the –est + 名词复数。表示“最……之一”。

例:we all know that yangtze river is one of the longest rivers in the world.

说明:在表达含有形容词最高级的句子时,形容词最高级前面要加冠词the,但当最高级前有物主代词或指示代词等情况时,则不加the。

例: among all of the classmates, li ming is my best friend.引申。

我们可以用原级、比较级、最高级三种方式来表达最高级,总结如下:

她是她们班最好的学生。

·最高级:she is the best in her class.

·比较级:she is better than any other student in her class.

no other student in her class is better than she.

·原级:no other student in her class is as good as she.

比较。which和what在一定数目的范围内做选择时用which,从不定数中做选择时用what,但有时并没有区分得那么清楚。左下例句是询问三者以上,所以用which。

which(who)is +the +最高级?

意指三个以上的事物或人当中“哪一个(人)最为~呢?”

which is the biggest of the five apples?

这五个苹果中哪一个最大?

the first one(is). 第一个。

which is the he**iest, the horse, the sheep or the elephant?

马、羊和大象,哪一个最沉?

the elephant(is).大象。

错误辨析。i.比较对象混淆不清

[典型错误] my bike is newer than you.

[应改为]my bike is newer than yours.

此处比较对象是bike,而不是某个人。

ii.主格、宾格时有差异

一般说来,than后可接主格代词,也可接宾格代词。但有时,用主格和宾格却有不同的含义。例如:

mother loves me better than he(loves me).母亲爱我胜过他爱我。

mother loves me better than him.母亲爱我胜过爱他。

iii.注意比较级前的修饰语

[典型错误]your watch is very newer than mine.

very绝不可用来修饰比较级,常用来修饰比较级的词有much,a little等。

iv.比较级是两者相比,具有排它的特点

不可说:shanghai is bigger than any city in china.

应改为:shanghai is bigger than any other city in china.

上海比中国其它任何城市都大。

[注意]如不属同一范围,则不用other。如:

shanghai is bigger than any city in italy.上海比意大利任何城市都大。

v.最高级特殊句型

1."one of +形容词最高级+复数名词"表示"最。之一"。如:

shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.上海是世界上最大的城市之一。

2."序数词+形容词最高级+单数可数名词"表示"第几。如:

the yellow river is the second longest river in china.黄河是中国第二大河。

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