非谓语动词之一—动名词(doing)导学案及练习。
一、动名词的句法功能。
动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作等成分。
1、 作主语。
1） 直接位于句首做主语。
is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。
is not a pleasure but a suffering.
在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数。
2）用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：
it is + no use/no good/useless… +v.-ing
it is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
it is useless劝说这样的人加入真是没用。
3） 用于“there be”结构中。
常用句型：there is no + it is impossible to do …
there is no saying when he'll come
there is no joking about such matters
注意：在“there be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。
4） 用于布告形式的省略结构中。
no smoking ( no smoking is allowed (here
no parking
5） 动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：
to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。
there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。
2、动名词作宾语。
1）. 既可用不定式，也可用动名词做宾语，意思上无多大的区别．这样的动词有： begin, start, continue, 等．
h**e you started to work /working yet?
2）. 可用不定式做宾语，表示一时，一次的动作， 表示某一具体行为．也可用动名词做宾语，表示经常性的动作，表示一般或抽象动作．这样的动词有：like, love ,prefer, hate 等．
i like swimming, but i don’t like to swim this afternoon.
3）. 动词forget, remember, regret, try, mean,stop 等后可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
forget doing sth
forget to do sth
eg: i forgot to turn off the light.
i forgot turning off the light。
remember doing sth
remember to do sth
eg: please remember to write to me.
i remember posting the letter.
regret doing sth
regret to do sth
eg: i regret to say i can’t go with you.
she regretted telling me about that.
try doing sth
try to do sth
eg: you must try to finish the work.
try telling that to tom, he’ll be angry.
mean doing sth
mean to do sth
eg: i didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
this means going there at once.
4）.只能接动名词作宾语的及物动词，有： *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。
常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, **oid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up等。如：
would you mind吧窗户打开好吗？
she suggestedfor the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。
seeing the picture, he couldn’t help看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。
mark often attempts to escapewhenever he breaks traffic regulations.
每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。
形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。
the music is well worthmore than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
5）作动词短语中介词的宾语。
能接动名词的动词短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of等等。
we are thinking of我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
shall we h**e a rest or get down to我们休息呢还是开始干活？
ann has been looking forward tofor a long time. 安好久以来就盼望着来中国。
在下面的句型结构中，介词in常可省略：
1）s + h**e + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + in) +
2）s + speng time/money + in) +
3）s + be busy + in) +
4）s + lose no time + in) +立即… …
we are busy我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。6）. 动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时， 其后可接动名词的主动式(doing)作宾语，也可接不定式的被动式（to be done）作宾语，意义一样。
eg: the library needs to be cleaned.
=the library needs
7）. 在be worth, be busy 后接动名词作宾语。
e g: the book is worth reading.
do you h**e any difficulty要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？
3、作表语。
动名词作表语时句子主语通常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
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