过去完成时态的构成：
肯定式： 主语 + had + done（动词的过去分词）+其他。
否定式： 主语 + hadn't + done（动词的过去分词）+其他。
一般疑问式： had + 主语 + done（动词的过去分词）+其他。
回答： yes, 主 + h**e/has had.
no, 主 + had
特殊疑问式： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句式。
过去完成时的用法：
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是"过去的过去 "常与by, before, by the end of引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。
如： by then, by/before nine o’clock yesterday, by the end of last year, by the age of twenty, by the time i arrived …
she said she had seen the film 4 times.
when mr li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.
by the time they arrived, the bus had left.
2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟时间点)等连用。如：
she had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
（1）. he __in shanghai university for four years before he __beijing.
a. studied, had gone b. had studied, went
c. has studied, goes d. had studied, had gone
解析："他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年 "。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选b。
（2）. mary said it was at least five years since he __a good drink.
a. enjoyed b. was enjoying c. had enjoyed d. would enjoy
解析：it was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选c。
（3）. xiao pei said she __hainan for 3 months.
a. has been in b. had been in c. had been to d. had gone to
解析："小培说她去了海南三个月 "。h**e been to 和h**e gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的h**e been in. 应选b.
3、常用于told, said, knew, heard, thought, ask等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
she said (that) she had never been to paris.
he asked what i had said.
专项练习。一、 单项选择。
1．he asked me __during the summer holidays.
a. where i had been b. where i had gone
c. where had i been d. where had i gone
2. what __jane __by the time he was sever?
a. did, do b. has, done c did, did. d. had, done
3. i __900 english words by the time i was ten。
a. learned b. was learning c. had learned d. learnt
4. she __lived here for __years.
a. had, a few b. has, several c. had, a lot of d. has, a great deal of
5. by the time my parents reached home yesterday, i __the dinner already.
a had cooked b. cooked c. h**e cooked d. was cooked
6. she said shethe principle already
a .has seen b. saw c. will see d. had seen
7. she said her family __themselves __the army during the war.
a. has hidden, fromb. had hidden, from
c. has hidden, withd. had hidden, with
8. by the time he was ten years old, he
a. has completed university b. has completed the university
c. had completed an university d. had completed university
9. she had written a number of books __the end of last year.
a. for b. inc. by d. at
10. he __to play __before he was 11 years old.
a had learned, piano b. had learned, the piano
c. has learned, the piano d. learns ,piano.
11. what __annie __by the time he was ten?
a. did, do b. did, did c. has, done d. had done
12 .he __in the factory for three years before he joined the army.
a. has worked b. works c. had worked d. will work
13. by the end of last week, they __the bridge.
a. has completed b. completed c. will complete d. had completed
14. ben hates playing __violin, but he likes playing __football.
a. a…the b. the… the c. /the d. the…/
15. by the time he was 4, he __a lot of german words.
a. had learned b. has learned c. learned d. learns
16 .jim turned off the lights and then __the classroom.
a. was left b. had left c. has left d. left
guangzhou since 2000.
a. lived b. had lived c. h**e lived d. were living
18. the train from beijing___ten minutes ago.
a. has arrived b. was arriving c. arrived d. had arrived
19. the studentstheir classroom when the visitors arrived.
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