2019现在完成时语法讲解

发布 2021-05-14 21:15:28 阅读 6208

现在完成时(i) 第八单元语法知识。

定义:(1)表示过去发生或已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,这个影响和结果对现在还必须存在。常与already(已经), yet(已经,还), just(刚刚),ever(曾经),never等词连用。

]: 常用于肯定句或疑问句(均表示:已经).

]: 常用于否定句(表示:还、尚),疑问句末尾(表示:已经).

现在完成时的构成及句型结构:(注:过去分词的变化分规则变化与不规则变化,规则变化与动词原形变过去式一样,不规则变化见教材137页)

1.肯定句:主语+h**e/has+过去分词 +其他+时间。

eg: i h**e already lost the key. 我已经弄丢了钥匙。 (我现在没有钥匙)

he has ever read that book . 他曾经看过这本书。 (了解书的内容)

they h**e just cleaned their hands. 他们刚刚洗过手了。 (手是干净的)

2.否定句:主语+h**en’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其他+时间。

eg: i h**en’t lost the key yet.

he hasn’t ever read that book .

they h**en’t just cleaned their hands.

3.一般疑问句:h**e/has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间?

肯定回答:yes, 主语+h**e/ has. 否定回答:no, 主语+h**en’t/hasn’t.

eg: h**e you already lost the key? yes, i h**e. no, i h**en’t.

has he ever read the book? yes, he has. no, he hasn’t.

h**e they just cleaned their hands? yes, they h**e. no, they h**en’t.

4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+h**e/has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间?

eg: what h**e you already done? (done是do/does的过去分词)

what has he ever done?

what h**e they just done?

定义:(2)现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用。 ,

eg: she has learned english for 5 years. (她已经学习五年英语了)

解释:一直在学,持续了五年,并且还可能持续学下去。

he has lived in beijing since he was born . 自从他出生以后就居住在北京)

解释:从出生后就一直住在北京,持续到现在,还有可能一直住下去)

h**e you stayed here since 3 o’clock? (自从3点后你就一直呆在这儿吗?)

例题:选用for和since填空:

1. we h**en’t seen each other __a long time. 2.

his father has been in the factory __10 years ago.

3. the film has been on __20 minutes. 4.

mr. green has worked here __he came to china.

5. his grandparents h**e been dead __several years. 6.

it’s five years __we met last time.

h**e already had dinner. (否定) idinner __

8. mum has cooked the dinnermumthe dinner.

9. susan has learned english at school. susanenglish at school.

10. i h**e already had dinner. (提问。

11. he has just finished his homework

12. susan has learned english at school

13. mum has cooked the dinner, ]

现在完成时属于现在时态的范围,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last night, three weeks ago, in1990等。

一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系。一般过去时就可以和与表示过去的时间状语连用。

eg: i h**e already seen the film. (现在完成时,已经看了这部电影,并且知道电影的内容)

i saw the film last week. (一般过去式,因为后面有表示过去的时间状语last week)

he has lived here since 1993. (现在完成时,后面有since引导的时间状语从句)

he lived here in 1993. (一般过去时,2024年住在这儿,现在没住在这儿了)

例题:1. _youclean) the room? yes, wedo) that already.

2. when __you __do) it? we __do) it an hour ago.

3. _he __see) this film yet? yes. 4. when __he __see) it? he___it last week.

5. iread) the novel twice. it’s interesting. 6. mr. chengive)up smoking last year.

7. she __go) to pairs, hasn’t she? yes.

how __she __go) there? she __go) there by air.

现在完成时(ii)

构成:含有be动词的现在完成时的谓语部分由 “h**e/has+ been+ to+地点”构成,表示:曾经去过某地… (been是be的过去分词,不规则变化)

1. 基本句型:

1)肯定句:主语+h**e/has+ been+ to+地点。

eg: i h**e been to australia.

they h**e been to beijing.

he has been to south africa.

2)否定句: 主语+h**en’t/hasn’t+ been+ to+地点。

eg: i h**en’t been to australia.

they h**en’t been to beijing.

he hasn’t been to south africa.

3)一般疑问句:h**e/has+主语+been + to+ 地点?

肯定回答:yes, 主语+ h**e/has. 否定回答:主语+h**en’t/ hasn’t.

eg: h**e you been to australia? yes, i h**e. no. i h**en’t.

h**e they been to beijing? yes, they h**e. no, they h**en’t.

has he been to south africa? yes, he has. no, he hasn’t.

4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+h**e/has+ 主语+ been?

eg: where h**e you been?

where h**e they been?

where has he been?

3.用法:用来表示之前已经发生和完成度的动作与状态,其结果却和现在有联系。

动作和结果发生在过去,但它的影响现在还在。可以和never, ever, once, twice, three/four…times 等副词连用。

eg: they h**e been to chongqing twice.

i h**e never been to sichuan.

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