动名词动名词由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征 。动名词也有时态和语态的变化,不及物动词没有语态的变化,以及物动词write为例 。
时态/语态主动被动
一般式。完成式。
一、 动名词作主语
1. fighting broke out between the south and the north. 南方与北方开战了。
2. in some cultures, receiving money can make people uncomfortable.
3.spending time with family and friends is very important to us.
4 .it is no use crying over spilt milk.
5. it is of little good staying up too late every day.
6. it was a waste of time reading that book.
7. it is a lot of fun meeting you.
8 .is it worthwhile quarrelling with her?
9找到工作) is difficult these days.
10请求帮助)is a very common and necessary activity.
11知道) how to ask for information politely is important.
二、作宾语
1)、只带动名词作宾语的动词和短语: admit 承认, deny 否认, consider认为 , appreciate 感激 , **oid 避免 finish , complete完成 , delay 耽误 , dislike , enjoy , miss 想念, escape 逃脱 , imagine 想象 , mind 介意 ,practice 训练 ,recall 回忆 , resist 抵抗, risk 冒险, suggest, advise , face 面对, include 包括, stand 忍受 ,understand 理解 ,forgive 宽恕 , keep 继续 ,burst out…, end up…
give up…feel like… insist on… look forward to…put off… devote sth. to… be busy in … h**e trouble/difficulty in … object to… get down to… be /get used to…
turn to...prefer doing to…set about … be addicted to...
1. would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
2. the squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。
3. everyone burst out笑)。
has given up吸烟)。
admitted打破了)the window.
6. we suggest用不同的方法做这件事)。
2)、有些动词后接动名词和不定式作宾语时, 意义不同。
1. stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing 停止正在做的事。
1). 他们停下来,抽了根烟。
2). 我必须戒烟了。
3). she reached the top of the hill and stopped __on a big rock by the side of the path.
a. to h**e rested b. resting c. to rest d. rest
2. go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。 go on doing继续做原来做的事。
after he had finished his maths
做完数学后,他接着去做物理。
after you h**e finished this one.
作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习。
3 . forget to d o忘记要去做某事。(未做) remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
1.) the light in the office is still on
办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。(没有关灯 )
他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)
别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)
4). the light in the office is still onoh, i forgot
a. turning it off b. turn it off c. to turn it off d. h**ing turned it off
记着放学后去趟邮局。
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
4 . regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。(未做)
regret doing/h**ing done 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)
but i h**e no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法。
我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
--you were br**e enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---well, now i regret __that.
a. to do b. to be doing c. to h**e done d. h**ing done
5. mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着。
but my father would not allow me to.
我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。
to raise wage means
增加工资意味着增加购买力。(purchasing power)
6. try to do 努力,企图做某事。 try doing 试验,试着做某事。
you must try你可要多加小心。
i triedbut didn't succeed.
我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。
7. be afraid to do 不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为"怕";
be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的,意为"生怕,恐怕"。
she was afraidin grass because she was afraidby a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草丛中再走一步。
她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
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