语法内容---从句。
一．从句的分类。
主语从句（谓语之前）this is what he told me last night.
表语从句（系动词之后）what he said is true.
宾语从句（实意动词之后）tell me what he said at the meeting.
同位语从句名词之后，与名词是等同关系）the news that he will come makes
me happy.（解释the news)
定语从句（修饰名词或代词）the news that he tole me is true
状语从句（修饰动词。
1.)时间。i stayed home while ha was away.(说明呆家的时间）
2.)地点。you should put the book where it was.(说明放的位置）
3. 原因。he didn’t come because he was ill.(说明没来的原因）
4.)结果。he ran so fast that i couldn’t catch cup him(他跑得快。
导致的结果）
5.) 目的。we left early so that we could catch the first train.(说明。
我们早出发的目的）
6.) 条件。i will not lend the book to you unless you return it in
time.(说明我借书给你的前提条件）
7.）让步。although he may h**e told you, i still think she is not
to be trusted.(说明就算退一步讲，我也不信任她）
8.）方式。you should do as i tell you.(说明你要做的方式）
9.）比较。the room is bigger than that one.(形容/副词的比较用法）
2、从句的连接词(根据从句类型来用）
1.名词性从句- 主语从句陈述句（that)
宾语从句---根据从句类型一般疑问句(weather/if)
表语从句特殊疑问句(what/how/when/
同位语where/why/who.)
以宾从为例陈述句：he said that he could help me.(i can help you)
一般问句 he asked weather/if i could help him.( can you
help me?)
特殊问句：he asked what i was doing.( what are you doing?
he asked how i did it?.(how did you do it?)
2）主语从句的倒装(it 作形式主语）
that he is a doctor is true.= it is true that he is a doctor千真万确，他是个医生。
whether she comes or not makes no difference.= it is no difference whether she comes or not. 她来不来都没关系。
who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.= it is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.还不清楚谁对此事负责人。
2.定语从句(根据先行词在从句中的成分确定）
主语（人）--who(that可代)
宾语（人）--whom(that可省可代）
主语（物）--which（that可代）
宾语（物）--which（that可省可代）
定语（人的）--whose
（物的）--whose
状语(修饰动词状态） 时间 when
地点 where
原因 why
the children who had been watching started to laugh.一直在旁**的小孩们开始笑了起来。（人主--who/that)
the boy (whom) you saw yesterday is here now.你昨天见到的那个男孩现在就在那儿。（you saw the boy, 人宾--whom(that)可省可代）
the house whose windows are broken is scary.窗户破了的那所房子很恐怖。（the windows of the house, 物的-whose=of which,定语)
i shall never forget the day when i entered the university. 我永远不会忘记上大学的那一天。
this is the factory where i worked three years ago.这就是我三年前工作过的工厂。（i worked in the factory)
he didn’t tell me the reason why he was so sad.他没有告诉我他那么伤心的原因。( i don’t know why he was so sad)
2)限定性和非限定性。不可用that）
this is the book which(that) he g**e me.(限定性定从）
he g**e me a book yesterday, which is useful. （没有which句子完整，which不可省也不可用that来代替）
（3） as和which用于非限定定语从句。
as “正如位置可前可后）
which “这。因果关系，位置：主句，which...
he was late again, as could be expected. 他又迟到了，正如预料的那样。
he was late again, which made me angry.他又迟到了，这让我很生气。
4）介词+which/whom...根据习惯搭配；上下文意义确定介词）
the company in which i am working is a large one.我上班的那个公司是家大型公司。( i am working in the company.
the company is a large one.
the person with whom you talked is a famous writer. 和你谈话的那个人是一位有名的作家。（you talked with the person.
the person is a famous writer)
this is the program of which i was speaking.这就是我所说的节目。（i was speaking of the program.
this is the program.)
5）定语从句和同位语从句（修饰名词）
定从--根据成分确定关联词（主宾定状，人/物）
同位语-- 与被修饰名词是等同关系。
根据从句类型确(陈述；一般、特殊）
对被修饰名词进一步说明。
the news which he told me made happy.(the news 物主--which)
the news that he could come made me happy.(the news=he could come)
6）定语从句和强调句型。
强调句型---it is /was+被强调部分（除谓语外）+that +.
定语从句--it is +名词/代词+ that+..
it is in this shop that we met yesterday. （去掉it is...that=we met in this shop yesterday)
it is the shop where we met yesterday.(去掉it is...that句子不完整）
7）插入语。
位置：在关联词之后。
关联词不变。
含义变窄。they went to the place where they believed they could find food.
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