状语从句讲解
英语状语从句的用法(i)
定义与用法:
在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一谓语成分的从句叫状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句可放在主句之前或之后,放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开。
有时可置于主句中间,前后用逗号。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同,可分为时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等九类。
各类状语从句连接词(短语)一览表:
时间when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before
条件if, unless
原因as, because, since
地点where
目的so that, in order that
结果so that, so…that, such…that
让步though, although, even if, however
方式as比较than, (not)as…as,一、时间状语从句。
时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多,根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系,通常可分为以下几种情况:
a.when, while, as, whenever。
when, while, as表示主句谓语作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。分述如下:
1.when
when (at or during the time that ) 既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词;表示段时间时,用持续性动词。
when i got home, my family were already h**ing dinner.我到家的时候,全家已在吃晚饭。(when表示点时间)
the teacher came in when they were still talking and laughing,.当他们还在说笑的时候,老师进来了。(when表示段时间)
考例】don’t be afraid of asking for help __it is needed.
a. unless b. since c. although d. when
思路点拨】答案为d此题考查when用作连接词用来引导时间状语从句。
提示:① 注意:当when引导时间状语从句时,从句中应用一般现在时代替一般将来时(主“将”从“现”)。
2.while
while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。while通常表示一段时间,主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。在when表示a period of time时,while和when两者可以互换。
she fell asleep while she was reading the news*****.她在看报的时候睡着了。(这里的while可换成when)
考例] _i really don’t like art, i find his work impressive.
a.as b.since c.if d.while
3.as as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/ while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。但它还有一些特定的意义:
as表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词;表示段时间时,从句中用延续性动词。as和when两者经常可以通用。
the thief was caught as/ when he was stealing in the supermarket.小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。(段时间)
i saw jim as/ when he left the meeting room.吉姆离开会议室时候我看到了他。(点时间)
as表示 “一边……一边……”强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。
they talked as they walked.他们边走边聊。
he looked behind from time to time as he went.他一边走,一边不时地往后看。
as表示“随着”。
as time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖了。
4.when, while, as的用法区别:
简言之: while表时间,从句需用延续性动词,切不可用瞬间动词。
when表时间,从句既可以用延续性动词,又可以用瞬间动词。
as表时间,与when相似,但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。
when, while后可以接分词短语。
注意:在下列情况下,三者之间不能完全替换使用:(1) 只有as, when 可以引导短暂性动作的动词。
just as / just when / when i stopped my car, a man came up to me. 当我停车时,一个男子向我走来。
注意:as更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。
we listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar.我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱。(一边…一边同时)
i thought of it just as you opened your mouth.你一张嘴我就知道你要说什幺。(紧接着一前一后的动作)
as he grew older, he became less and less active.随着他年龄的增长,他变得越来越不活泼了。(伴随的变化)
二. 条件状语从句:
1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如:
what shall we do if it snows tomorrow?
don’t le**e the building unless i tell you to.
2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
i’ll help you with your english if am free tomorrow.
he won’t be late unless he is ill.
3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如:
hurry up, or you’ll be late.
if you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
study hard and you will pass the exam.
if you study hard, you will pass the exam.
as long as i am alive, i will go on studying. 只要我活着, 我就要学习。
三. 原因状语从句:
1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如:
he didn’t come to school because he was ill.
as it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.
since you can’t answer the question, i’ll ask someone else.
2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。
as和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如:
---why aren’t going there?
---because i don’t want to.
as he has no car, he can’t get there easily.
since we h**e no money, we can’t buy it.
3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边,能享受到好的天气。
四. 地点状语从句:
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如:
go where you like.
where there is a will, there is a way.
put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。
五. 目的状语从句:
1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如:
we started early so that we could catch the first train.
he studies hard so that he could work better in the future.
we used the computer in order that we might s**e time.
2)so that既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。
2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如:
speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)
jack is badly ill so that he has to rest结果状语从句)
finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完,你可以开始另一个。
六. 结果状语从句:
1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。例如:
he is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.
she is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.
my pencil fell under the desk, so that i couldn’t see it.
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