关系副词用法小归纳。
when的用法。
关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词；在许多情况下可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如：
1988 was the year when he was born. 1988是他的出生年。
句中的when he was born为修饰the year的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于in which。表示在某一年，英语习惯上用介词in，如in 1988, in 2008等，所以此处用in which。
i’ll never forget the day when i first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。
句中的when i first met you为修饰the day的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于on which。表示在某一天，英语习惯上用介词on，如on that day, on friday等，所以此处用on which。
don’t forget the time when the wedding will start. 不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。
句中的when the wedding will start为修饰the time的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于at which。表示在某一时刻，英语习惯上用介词at，如at that time, at the moment等，所以此处用at which。
where的用法。
关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示地点，用以修饰表示地点的先行词；在许多情况下也可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如：
what is the name of the town where you live? 你住的那个城市叫什么名字？
句中的where you live为修饰the town的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于in which。表示在住在某城市，英语习惯上说明live in a city，所以此处用at which。
this cross marks the spot where she died. 这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。
句中的where she died为修饰the spot的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于at which。表示在在某一地点，英语习惯上说明at a spot，所以此处用at which。
why的用法。
关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示原因；why引导定语从句时，其先行词只有一个，那就是the reason；在许多情况下why也可以理解为for which。如：
these are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。
句中的why we do it为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于for which。
do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me? 你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗？
句中的why she doesn’t like me为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于for which。
why是一个比较特殊的关系副词，它引导定语从句时，除可换成for which外，有时也可换成that，甚至省略。如：
他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。
正：the main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.
正：the main reason for which he lost his job was that he drank.
正：the main reason that he lost his job was that he drank.
正：the main reason he lost his job was that he drank
whose引导定语从句只能指人吗。
大家知道，关系代词who只用于指人，不用于指物。我们是不是可以推出，关系代词whose也只用于指人不用于指物呢？不能！
事实上，用作关系代词的whose既可用于指人，也可用于指物，同时还可以指动物，它在定语从句中用作定语，修饰其后的名词。
一、指人的用法。
the boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。
the film is about a spy whose wife betrays him. 电影讲的是一个被他妻子出卖的间谍。
he was an officer whose career meant everything to him. 他是一名军旅生涯对他来说就是一切的军官。
the girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class. 作品获奖的那个女孩是她班上年纪最小的。
除引导限制性定语从句外，也可引导非限制性定语从句。如：
chopin, whose works are world famous, composed some of his music in this room. 肖邦的作品是世界知名的，有些乐曲就是在这个房间里谱写的。
we went with peter, whose car broke down before we were halfway there. 我们和彼得一起去的，但是还没走到半路他的车子就抛了锚。
ann, whose children are at school all day, is trying to get a job. 安的孩子们整天都在学校，所以她在想办法找份工作。
二、指物的用法。
the house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. 那个窗户破了的房子没人住。
i’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。
除引导限制性定语从句外，也可引导非限制性定语从句。如：
his house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight. 他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。
三、指动物的用法。
wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群体化的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。
除引导限制性定语从句外，也可引导非限制性定语从句。如：
my *****, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows. 我的母狗脾气不稳定，常常在狗展上咬裁判。
做题小技巧】
对于考查关系代词whose的考题，掌握以下两点非常有用：
1. 它在定语从句中通常是用作定语，所以其后通常应有被修饰的名词。
2. which有时也可用作定语，但与whose在语义上有很大区别：which在语义上相当于this或that，而whose在语义上则相当于one’s。比较并体会：
it was an english novel whose name i h**e forgotten. 那是一本英语**，书名我忘了。
my father may h**e to go into hospital, in which case he won’t be going on holiday. 我父亲可能需要住院，如果那样他就不去度假了。
小练一下】01. cohen, _contract expires next week, is likely to move to play for a european club.
a. his b. whose c. of him d. with whom
02. there was a picture in the ***** of a man __leg had been blown off.
a. which b. of which c. that d. whose
03. they meet in an old house, _basement has been converted into a chapel.
a. which b. of which c. that d. whose
04. fraud detectives are investigating the company, three of __senior executives h**e already been arrested.
a. them b. who c. whom d. these
05. solar energy is an idea __time has come.
a. what b. which c. its d. whose
06. the police are investigating(调查) the company, three of __senior executives h**e already been arrested.
a. what b. their c. which d. whose
07. help is needed for families __houses were destroyed in the earthquake.
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