一、构成。
一）词尾加法。
1、+er est, soon , hard , bright
2、+r st, large, late, nice
3、变y为i， happy , early , busy
4、重读、闭音，双写 big, thin
二）能用more 和most 构成比较级的词。
1、极少数的单音词，2、分词形容词，3、绝大部分双音节词，4、三音节及以上的词。
三）特殊变化。
good / well bad / badly / ill far old little much / many
四）读法（1）以 ng结尾的词+er 后要读/g/ longer, longest young
2）以r结尾的词要读出/r/ clearer clearest tenderer纤弱的；嫩的；温柔的；疼痛的 sore [s:(r)]疼痛的；使人伤心的；恼火的，发怒的 sorer sorest
二、用法。1、原级比较 as+ ad + as +比较级。
he did as much as possible.
jack works as hard as his brother.
it is just as hot today as (it was) yesterday.
none is so blind as those that won’t see. (熟视无睹，才是真瞎)
i’ve never seen anyone as happy as sue.
2、倍数 + as + ad + as + 比较内容。
beijing is ten times as big as my hometown.
this tower is half as tall as that tree.
3、as + adj +a(n) +n. +as +比较内容。
he is as poor a speaker as i.
this is just as good a car as the other. (这车同另一辆一样好)
4、as + ad + as +any other +n /any of +ns
he is as diligent (adj.勤奋的；用功的；费尽心血的) as any other boy in his class.
this room is as big as any other room in the flat.
5、as + ad +as +数字或表时间的短语。
this car can run as fast as 150kilometers in an hour.
i saw her as late as last december.我去年十二月份刚见到她。
he has been in hospital as long as 2 years.
6、as + ad + as （+代词主语+谓语）+ad
she is as wise as (she is ) beautiful. (用来对同一事物的两个方面的性质进行比较)
this rug (地毯) looks as wide as (it is ) long.
*如果与主语相比的对象为人称代词，通常用主格，非正式文中也可用宾格，如果还跟有谓语，则必须用主格。
john is almost as tall as i / me /i am.
*用一个分句作比较的对象，而分句中的谓语动词与主句中的谓语为同一动词（be除外）时，常要用do代。
joe doesn’t run as fast as john runs(x) /does.
i wish i could play the piano as well as he does.
*as之后的分句中常省略与主句重复的成分，如主语，谓语，状语等，但，不能因省略而弄错比较的对象或造成误解。
mary’s voice is as sweet as a bird(’s voice). x)
you like her as much as i /me. (i →i like her; me→you like me)
*成语 as white as snow, as light as a feather, as cold as ice常省略第一个as
her skin is white as snow.
三（一）ad比较+than+比较对象。
1、china is a little larger than the usa. (两个单项之间比)
2、he is richer than us all. (一个单项与一组)
3、they work harder than you do. （两组之间）
4、she is more diligent than intelligent. (同一事物的两个方面)
二）not + ad 比较。
he didn’t arrive earlier than she did. （他晚，或，不比她早。）
this grey coat is not longer than that red one. (不比红的长，两件差不多，灰的短)
三）no+比较级意为一点也不，毫不。
this book is no more expensive than that one.
we are no stupider than others.
are you really 50? you look no older than thirty.
四）the + 比较级+of +比较对象。
this one is the better of the two.
tom is the lazier of mr. brown’s two sons.
of the two countries, yemen is the larger.
五）ad比较级 +than any other单名 = ad比较级+ than all other复名 = 最高级。
he is taller than any other boy in his class.
六）ad比较级+than + that/ those of…
the houses of the rich are larger than those of the poor.
the temperature here is higher than that in paris.
四、比较对象的省略。
一）比较对象清楚，无需提及可省略。
tr**el by air is becoming cheaper (than before).
二）形容词的比较级作定语，其后跟名词或代词one时，可以省略比较对象。
give me a smaller apple /one.
三）比较级在句中用作表语，宾补或主补时，可省略比较对象。
things are much better now.
this will make her happier.
in the poorer countries of the world, people hope that some day they too may h**e machines to make life easier, more comfortable and more enjoyable.
四)than后的从句通常与than前面的主句结构相同，因此，往往只保留进行比较的成分，把其他与主句重复的部分省略掉，在一般情况下，会保留助动词和be
too much help is sometimes worse than no help.
i am feeling much better (today ) than (i was feeling) yesterday.
五）有时，than后只保留了possible, usual, necessary比较对象不言自明时，也可连than一起省。
there are more students in the classroom than usual.
there’ve bought more food than necessary.
it is colder in beijing than (it is cold) in shanghai.
mr. bader likes his dog better than his wife. 有歧义。
六）如果than后的从句中的主语为第。
一、二人称时，谓语动词常省略。
he works more slowly than you.
he’s taller than i (am) by 3 centimeters.
七）如果是不同的时间相比，而这种时间又通过时态表现出来时，那么than后从句中的谓语动词或者是可以表明动作时间的助动词不能省略。
he is much stronger than he was.
八）than引导的从句中，常用现在时代将来时。
we’ll drive faster than you do.
the vegetables are much/somewhat(一点儿)/ a little / no cheaper than last week.
i’m a little/ much/ quite better now.
quite不能修饰比较级，但可修饰better
more +复可数之前可用far， many
i h**e many more books than she.
i know many more students who’d like to come.
more+单不可数前用 far或much
he has far / much more meat than she.
五、其他常用句型。
一）比较级+and +比较级用来表一件事持续的变化。
the storm(暴风雨) became more and more violent（猛烈）.
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